VNSG 1400 & 1423 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
microorganism - ANS-Tiny living bodies that cannot be seen with the naked eye; can only be
seen with the microscope and are present in the human body and in the environment.
pathogen - ANS-microorganisms that cause infection in humans, they reproduce rapidly and
can spread from one area to another
-bacteria
-viruses
-fungus
-protozoa
Bacteria - ANS-single-celled organisms
Joseph Lister (1827-1912) - ANS-1. Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs
2. First doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery
3. Father of aseptic technique
infection prevention and control - ANS-the implementation of policies and procedures in
hospitals and other health care facilities to minimize the spread of health-care associated or
community acquired infections to patients and other staff members.
Asepsis - ANS-absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Medical asepsis - ANS-Clean technique
- Techniques that inhibit the growth and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms
-used in daily activities such as hand hygiene, changing patients linens
surgical asepsis - ANS-Sterile technique
- techniques designed to destroy all microorganisms and their spores
Chain of infection - ANS-1. infectious agent
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
What is an effective way to disrupt the chain of infection? - ANS-medical asepsis (hand hygiene)
Disinfection - ANS-the use of chemicals to kill pathogens that are present on nonliving objects
,antiseptic - ANS-a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of
microorganisms and may be used on humans
Aerobic bacteria - ANS-bacteria that only grows in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic bacteria - ANS-bacteria that only grows in the absence of oxygen
Spore - ANS-round body that is formed by the bacterium when conditions are unfavorable for
growth of the bacterium
Gram-positive bacteria - ANS-stains purple
Gram-negative bacteria - ANS-stains red
Staphylococcus aureus - ANS-gram positive cocci
Proven to be responsible for a number of serious and sometimes fatal infections
Rocky mountain spotted fever - ANS-Rickettsia rickettsii
transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Bacillus anthracis - ANS-spore forming bacteria causes anthrax. Acquired by inhaling
endospores in soil, animal hides, and wool. Bioterrorism agent.
Viruses - ANS-smallest known agents to cause disease
-not complete cells composed of RNA or DNA
Vector - ANS-an insect, tick or mite that spreads infection when it bites a human or animal
Protozoa - ANS-single celled animals that live in water, they can be ingested though infected
food and water and cause intestinal illness
Fungui - ANS-may be made up of one or more cells.
cause illness when they enter the body through cuts and cracks
Helminths - ANS-Parasitic worms
can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
can enter the body through the mouth from contaminated food
Antibiotics are only effective against? - ANS-Bacteria not against any other type of
microorganism
Chain of infection
Infection agent - ANS-Causative organism or pathogen
, Chain of infection
Reservoir - ANS-Place the organism grows and reproduces
Chain of infection
Portal of exit - ANS-Method by which the organism leaves the reservoir
Chain of infection
mode of transmission - ANS-vehicle by which the organism enters the new host
Chain of infection
Portal of entry - ANS-method by which the organism enters a new host
Chain of infection
Susceptible host - ANS-Body of person who the organism has entered
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - ANS-infections acquired by a patient in a health care
setting
-hospital
-home health
-long term care facilities
Common HAI's - ANS--Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infections (CAUTIs)
-Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
-Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)
CAUTIs - ANS-Catheter associated urinary tract infections
VAP - ANS-ventilator associated pneumonia
CLABSI - ANS-central line associated blood stream infection
Primary infection - ANS-initial infection caused by one pathogen only
Secondary Infection - ANS-caused by a second, different pathogen
localized infection - ANS-an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has
local symptoms
- heat
-pain and tenderness at wound site
systemic infection - ANS-Infection that spreads from one location to the rest of the body through
the blood stream
microorganism - ANS-Tiny living bodies that cannot be seen with the naked eye; can only be
seen with the microscope and are present in the human body and in the environment.
pathogen - ANS-microorganisms that cause infection in humans, they reproduce rapidly and
can spread from one area to another
-bacteria
-viruses
-fungus
-protozoa
Bacteria - ANS-single-celled organisms
Joseph Lister (1827-1912) - ANS-1. Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs
2. First doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery
3. Father of aseptic technique
infection prevention and control - ANS-the implementation of policies and procedures in
hospitals and other health care facilities to minimize the spread of health-care associated or
community acquired infections to patients and other staff members.
Asepsis - ANS-absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Medical asepsis - ANS-Clean technique
- Techniques that inhibit the growth and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms
-used in daily activities such as hand hygiene, changing patients linens
surgical asepsis - ANS-Sterile technique
- techniques designed to destroy all microorganisms and their spores
Chain of infection - ANS-1. infectious agent
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
What is an effective way to disrupt the chain of infection? - ANS-medical asepsis (hand hygiene)
Disinfection - ANS-the use of chemicals to kill pathogens that are present on nonliving objects
,antiseptic - ANS-a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of
microorganisms and may be used on humans
Aerobic bacteria - ANS-bacteria that only grows in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic bacteria - ANS-bacteria that only grows in the absence of oxygen
Spore - ANS-round body that is formed by the bacterium when conditions are unfavorable for
growth of the bacterium
Gram-positive bacteria - ANS-stains purple
Gram-negative bacteria - ANS-stains red
Staphylococcus aureus - ANS-gram positive cocci
Proven to be responsible for a number of serious and sometimes fatal infections
Rocky mountain spotted fever - ANS-Rickettsia rickettsii
transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Bacillus anthracis - ANS-spore forming bacteria causes anthrax. Acquired by inhaling
endospores in soil, animal hides, and wool. Bioterrorism agent.
Viruses - ANS-smallest known agents to cause disease
-not complete cells composed of RNA or DNA
Vector - ANS-an insect, tick or mite that spreads infection when it bites a human or animal
Protozoa - ANS-single celled animals that live in water, they can be ingested though infected
food and water and cause intestinal illness
Fungui - ANS-may be made up of one or more cells.
cause illness when they enter the body through cuts and cracks
Helminths - ANS-Parasitic worms
can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
can enter the body through the mouth from contaminated food
Antibiotics are only effective against? - ANS-Bacteria not against any other type of
microorganism
Chain of infection
Infection agent - ANS-Causative organism or pathogen
, Chain of infection
Reservoir - ANS-Place the organism grows and reproduces
Chain of infection
Portal of exit - ANS-Method by which the organism leaves the reservoir
Chain of infection
mode of transmission - ANS-vehicle by which the organism enters the new host
Chain of infection
Portal of entry - ANS-method by which the organism enters a new host
Chain of infection
Susceptible host - ANS-Body of person who the organism has entered
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - ANS-infections acquired by a patient in a health care
setting
-hospital
-home health
-long term care facilities
Common HAI's - ANS--Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infections (CAUTIs)
-Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
-Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)
CAUTIs - ANS-Catheter associated urinary tract infections
VAP - ANS-ventilator associated pneumonia
CLABSI - ANS-central line associated blood stream infection
Primary infection - ANS-initial infection caused by one pathogen only
Secondary Infection - ANS-caused by a second, different pathogen
localized infection - ANS-an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has
local symptoms
- heat
-pain and tenderness at wound site
systemic infection - ANS-Infection that spreads from one location to the rest of the body through
the blood stream
