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ASQ_ Ch 14- Techniques, Methodologies and Tools Applicable to Process Management (P. 343 - 389
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ASQ_ Ch 14- Techniques, Methodologies and Tools Applicable to Process Management (P. 343 - 389
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ASQ: Ch 14- Techniques, Methodologies and ToolsApplicable to Process Management (P. 343 - 389)
action plan - ANS-Mini project plan. Describes action to be taken, responsibility, start and end
dates, applicable standards and constraints, resources, and steps to be taken.
activity-based costing (ABC) - ANS-accounting system that allocates cost to products based on
resources used to produce the product
activity network diagram (AND) - ANS-diagram showing the flow of activities in a process/project
and the dependencies among activities.
affinity diagram - ANS-a method to organize a large number of items into smaller
chunks/clusters
andon board - ANS-electronic device to display status alerts to operators
advanced project quality planning (APQP) - ANS-methodology used to guide the process of
developing and launching a new product/process (automotive industry). Defines the phases;
conceptualize, design, develop, validate, and launch new product and process designs
autonomation (jidoka) - ANS-specially equipped automated machines capable of detecting a
defect in a single part, stopping the process, and signaling for assistance.
batch-and-queue - ANS-scheduling large batches of product that must wait in a queue between
each step in he process
brainstorming - ANS-team technique to generate ideas, for example, on how to reduce cycle
time.
cause-and-effect (fishbone) diagram - ANS-diagramming technique to identify cause and sub
causes leading to an effect. Aids in analyzing the root cause of how a situation came to be.
cell (typically U-shaped) - ANS-configuration of machines of varying types, arranged so that
operations occur in sequence, permitting single-piece flow and flexible use of cross-trained
operators
chaku-chaku (load-load in Japanese) - ANS-Within a cell, operator removes a part from one
machine and loads it into the next machine, continuing the sequence until the part has been
through all the steps needed for completion. As one part is removed from a machine, another is
started through this enabling one-piece scheduling.
,changeover - ANS-changing machine from one part number (e.g., product to another)
check sheet - ANS-tool for tallying frequency of occurrences, over time, for several items being
tracked)
control charts - ANS-charts used to identify special cause variation, or that a process is out of
control
control plan - ANS-document(s) that may include the quality characteristics of a product or
service, measurements, and methods of control.
Doesn't replace detail in SOP. Typically control plan items are supported by procedures/WI.
cost of quality (COQ) - ANS-a method used by organizations to show the financial impact of
quality activities
cycle time - ANS-the total time to complete one cycle in an operation
design for six sigma (DFSS) - ANS-used to design products and services so they can be
produced and delivered with Six Sigma quality.
DMAIC - ANS-Define the customer and organizational requirements.
Measure what is critical to quality, map the process, establish measurement system, and
determine what is unacceptable (defects).
Analyze to develop a baseline (process capability), pinpoint opportunities and set objectives,
identify root causes of defects.
Improve the process.
Establish a system to control the process
Eliminate non-value-added steps in the process - ANS-Reduce waste and cut costs
Eliminate or reduce buffer stocks and inventories - ANS-Smooth process flow, reduce costs,
improve quality, and increase customer satisfaction
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) - ANS-Used to develop a preventative strategy,
based on risk analysis, with identification of corrective or preventative actions to be taken.
Application to designs, processes, support services, suppliers, etc.
Five S - ANS-(Japanese) methods to make everything about the workplace orderly and clean,
and keep it so. Conveys message that quality starts with the people, and ultimately reflects in
lower cost, increased customer satisfaction, and pride in work.
Sort (Seiri)
, Set in Order (Seiton)
Shine (Seiso)
Standardize (Seiketsu)
Sustain (Shitsuke)
Five whys - ANS-Probing method of repeatedly asking "why?" until reaching the root cause of a
situation or problem.
Flexibility/agility - ANS-Concept and practice of configuring facilities, equipment, people and
support services to cope with inevitable change. Enables organization to reduce costs, respond
more effectively to marketplace demands, withstand economic fluctuations, and facilitate
continual improvement.
Flowchart - ANS-Step-by-step diagram of a process flow. Helps in understanding the process,
identifying the bottlenecks, and eliminating non-value-added steps
Gemba (Japanese for workplace) - ANS-Management is urged to go to gemba, to get out to
where the work is being done to better understand a problem and appreciate the process
involved in making the product or delivering the service.
histogram - ANS-diagram showing the frequency distribution of data
interrelationship diagram - ANS-diagram showing the frequency distribution of data
Just-in-time (JIT) - ANS-An approach that allows the matching of material deliveries in the right
time and place in the manufacturing process. Concept is applicable elsewhere, for example, JIT
training (training delivered in the exact time and place needed).
Kaizen blitz/event - ANS-a cross-functional team focuses on a target process, studies it, collects
and analyzes data, discusses improvement alternatives, and implements changes. The intense
event may consume three to five consecutive days.
kanban - ANS-Signaling method to alert an upstream process that more material/product is
required; the pull method. Signal may be a card, ticket, empty bin, and so on.
line balancing - ANS-the process of distributing work and performers evenly to meet takt time
and smooth workflow.
matrix diagram - ANS-diagram showing relationships between variables.
mind mapping - ANS-creates a visual representation of many issues and can help a group get
more complete and common understanding of a situation.
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