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Religious concerns solely explain the strong opposition to the 3rd home rule bill. To what
extent do you agree with the statement (20) (Modal answer)
The third home rule bill was introduced in April 1912 and faced strong opposition from
Unionists and Conservatives. Many reasons, including religious concerns, economic
considerations, cultural reasons, and political reasons, came together to form a strong
opposition to the bill.
In terms of religion,
- most significantly, 75% of Ireland was made up of Roman Catholics. There is the
belief that the “Home Rule is Rome's rule.” In this case, the pope would be Ireland’s
ruler and king and would be able to gain political power over their interests in Ireland.
- Another problem that arises is that for those unionists who remain living in a country
predominantly Catholic, they become a minority in their own country; Dublin
parliament dominated by the influence of the Catholic church would mean they are
not as much represented to have their interests perceived.
- In addition, the Irish Parliamentary Party’s association with Catholic clergy and the
Ancient Order of Hibernians made many Protestants fearful about their religious and
civil rights under a Home Rule government.
For instance, nationalists would place education entirely in the church’s hands.
- Evangelical religion also played a significant role.
The Pantheism religion underwent reform, like the Ne Temere decree, emphasised
some Catholic doctrines were heretical, asserted the supreme authority of the bible,
and sharpened traditional Protestant and anti-Catholicism. In the radical end, groups
like the anti-Catholic Belfast Protestant Association were formed, and Orangemen,
which were sectarian since they shared an instinctive hatred of the pope and the
Catholic religion grounded in theological disputes and in folk memories of religious
conflicts in history that were kept alive by the orange order and the apprentice boys
club.
This has suggested religion could be said to be the basis of strong opposition to the 3rd
home rule bill, but it wasn’t their sole reason for hostility towards home rule.
Economy is another important factor.
- Given Belfast's unprecedented economic growth, it was seen as industrially
prosperous due to shipbuilding, engineering, and the linen industry, while other parts
of Ireland were seen as industrially underdeveloped and their economy based much
more on agriculture and farming.
- As a result, opposing voices are expected for those changing to live under the Home
rule in Ireland, as a prosperous Ulster would then have to prop up the impoverished
south and no longer receive its enormous benefit from the free trade with the British
empire.
- This is because the Irish government may introduce protectionist measures to
support small Irish companies from bigger competition in Belfast counterparts by
putting barriers on trade with Britain and Britain in response by putting forward
countermeasures like undermining Belfast’s export-oriented industries, which had
thrived since the Act of Union.
- Without trade from Britain, Ulster would suffer, leading them to believe that Home
Rule would cost factory workers their jobs. The view of jobs being lost, the decline of
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