Bio 161 Exam 4 Review with Complete Solutions

Bio 161 Exam 4 Review with Complete Solutions What is another term for an individual muscle cell? - Answer: Muscle fiber Define fasicle in the context of muscle anatomy. - Answer: A cluster of muscle cells within the core of a muscle. Explain the function of the sarcolemma in skeletal muscle cells. - Answer: The sarcolemma serves as the outer membrane of skeletal muscle cells, maintaining cell integrity and regulating ion movement. Describe the sarcoplasm and its role within skeletal muscle cells. - Answer: Sarcoplasm refers to the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cells, housing various organelles and supporting metabolic processes. What is a sarcomere, and what does it represent in muscle function? 2 - Answer: A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle cells, where actin and myosin filaments interact to generate muscle contraction. Explain the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. - Answer: The sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum, regulates calcium levels within muscle cells, crucial for muscle contraction. Which structures are known as T (transverse) tubules, and why are they important? - Answer: T tubules are extensions of the sarcolemma that enhance surface area, facilitating rapid transmission of nerve impulses into the muscle fiber. Describe the composition and significance of myofibrils in muscle cells. - Answer: Myofibrils are the predominant structural elements of muscle cells, responsible for contraction and occupying a large part of the cell's volume. Explain the role of myoglobin in muscle tissue. - Answer: Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells that binds oxygen, facilitating its storage and release during muscle activity. 3 What does it mean for muscle cells to be multinucleate? - Answer: Multinucleate muscle cells contain multiple nuclei, enabling efficient coordination of cellular activities and protein synthesis. What is the function of the epimysium in muscle anatomy? - Answer: Epimysium is a tough connective tissue that surrounds entire muscles and merges into tendons, providing structural support and facilitating muscle movement. Which type of muscle cell(s) is (are) striated? Choose all that apply. skeletal, cardiac Skeletal muscle tends to contain short, branched cells. T or F? False, Skeletal muscle cells tend to be very long and cylindrical.