Assessment: The process of collecting evidence and making judgments about
someone's knowledge or performance.
Criteria: Standards or benchmarks against which assessments are made.
Validity: The extent to which an assessment measures what it intends to
measure.
Reliability: Consistency and dependability of assessment results.
Authenticity: Ensuring that the work being assessed is the student's own.
Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessments during learning to provide
feedback.
Assessment: The process of collecting evidence and making judgments about
someone's knowledge or performance.
Criteria: Standards or benchmarks against which assessments are made.
Validity: The extent to which an assessment measures what it intends to
measure.
Reliability: Consistency and dependability of assessment results.
Authenticity: Ensuring that the work being assessed is the student's own.
Formative Assessment: Ongoing assessments during learning to provide
feedback.
Summative Assessment: Assessments at the end of a learning period to
evaluate achievement.
Feedback: Information provided to students about their performance to support
learning.
1.2. Distinguish between the Substantive Concept and Procedural
Concept (10 marks)
Substantive Concept:
Definition: The substantive concept refers to the content knowledge or
understanding that a student is expected to demonstrate in a particular subject
area.
Focus: It centers on what students know or understand about a topic, such as
facts, principles, theories, and key concepts.
Assessment Examples: Assessing substantive concepts might involve testing
knowledge through exams, quizzes, or essays that require recalling information
or explaining concepts.
Procedural Concept:
Definition: The procedural concept refers to the skills, processes, or methods
that students use to demonstrate their understanding or apply their knowledge.
Focus: It emphasizes how students use their knowledge in practical situations,
solve problems, or engage in tasks related to the subject.
Assessment Examples: Assessing procedural concepts might involve
evaluating skills through practical demonstrations, simulations, projects, or
performance-based assessments.
Key Differences:
Nature of Assessment: Substantive concepts are typically assessed through
tests of knowledge and understanding, while procedural concepts are often
assessed through practical applications or demonstrations.
Focus on Learning: Substantive concepts focus on what students learn, while
procedural concepts focus on how they use what they've learned.
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