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Samenvatting Stelselmatige Weefselleer H1: Cardiovasculair systeem $3.21
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Samenvatting Stelselmatige Weefselleer H1: Cardiovasculair systeem

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Samenvatting gebaseerd op slides van professor Vral met bijhorende notities van in de les, alles wat je voor de theorie moet kennen van dit onderdeel.

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  • July 17, 2024
  • 12
  • 2023/2024
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Samenvatting H1: Cardio
Inhoud
1. Algemeen............................................................................................................................................2
2. Algemene bouw van de bloedvaten...................................................................................................2
3. Het arterieel en veneus systeem........................................................................................................3
3.1 Het arterieel systeem....................................................................................................................3
3.1.1 De elastische arteriën............................................................................................................4
3.1.2 De musculaire arteriën..........................................................................................................4
3.1.3 De arteriolen..........................................................................................................................4
3.1.4 Aandoeningen van elastische en grote musculaire arteriën..................................................4
3.2 Het veneus systeem......................................................................................................................5
3.3 Belangrijkste verschillen tussen arteriën en venen.......................................................................6
4. Het microvasculair systeem................................................................................................................6
4.1 De capillairen................................................................................................................................6
4.1.1 Continue capillairen...............................................................................................................6
4.1.2 Gevensterde capillairen.........................................................................................................7
4.1.3 Discontinue capillairen of sinusoieden...................................................................................7
4.1.4 Uitwisseling ter hoogte van capillairen..................................................................................7
4.2 De venulen....................................................................................................................................7
4.2.1 Postcapillaire venulen............................................................................................................7
4.2.2 Collecterende venulen...........................................................................................................8
4.2.3 Musculaire venulen................................................................................................................8
5. Bijzondere circulatiesystemen............................................................................................................8
5.1 Terminale of eindarteriën.............................................................................................................8
5.2 Portale systemen..........................................................................................................................8
5.3 Arterioveneuse anastomosen= shunts..........................................................................................8
5.4 Glomus caroticum/ aorticum en sinus caroticum.........................................................................8
6. Het hart..............................................................................................................................................9
6.1 Bouw van de wand: 3 tunica.........................................................................................................9
6.1.1 Endocard................................................................................................................................9
6.1.2 Myocard.................................................................................................................................9
6.1.3 Epicard.................................................................................................................................10
6.1.4 Pericard................................................................................................................................10
6.2 Prikkelgeleidingssysteem............................................................................................................10


1

, 7. Lymfestelsel......................................................................................................................................11
7.1 Structuur.....................................................................................................................................11
7.1.1 Lymfecapillairen...................................................................................................................11
7.1.2 Lymfevaten...........................................................................................................................12

1. Algemeen
- Bloedsomloopstelsel
o Hart
o Macrovasculair systeem = grote bloedvaten  transport + distributie van bloed
o Microvasculair systeem = kleine bloedvaten  uitwisseling voedingsstoffen + afgifte
metabolieten
 Wand kleine bloedvaten ≠ wand grote bloedvaten
o 2 circuits
 Systemische circulatie
 Pulmonaire circulatie: afgifte CO2 + opname O2
- Lymfestelsel
o Overmaat intercellulaire vloeistof  venen
- Bloedvaten liggen altijd in bindweefsel
- Lumen van bloedvat is begrensd door endotheel = eenlagig plaveiselepitheel

2. Algemene bouw van de bloedvaten
- Lumen  epitheel  bindweefsel  lamina elastica interna  tunica media  lamina
elastica externa  tunica adventitia
- Tunica intima
o Endotheel + losmazig bindweefsel
o Capillairen bestaan enkel uit deze laag: dunne wand nodig voor uitwisseling <->
arteriën (=grote bloedvaten) met een dikke stevige wand
- Lamina elastica interna= overgang
- Tunica media
o Glad spierweefsel  hoeveelheid bloed naar orgaan wordt geregeld door actieve
contractie
o Elastine vezels  hoeveelheid bloed naar orgaan wordt geregeld door passieve
uitrekking
o Bindweefsel
o Belangrijk in grote arteriën
- Lamina elastica externa= overgang
- Tunica adventitia/externa
o Bindweefsel met collageen
o Gaat over in het omliggende bindweefsel
- Componenten
o Endotheel
 Bekleed lumen van bloedvat
 Éénlagig plaveiselepitheel
o Bindweefsel: collageen + elastine vezels + grondstof
 Dikte afhankelijk van grootte van bloedvat
 Kan verdwijnen bij kleine bloedvaten

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