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Samenvatting Stelselmatige Weefselleer H4: Gastro-intestinaal Stelsel $4.29
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Samenvatting Stelselmatige Weefselleer H4: Gastro-intestinaal Stelsel

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Samenvatting gebaseerd op slides van professor Vral met bijhorende notities van in de les, alles wat je voor de theorie moet kennen van dit onderdeel.

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  • July 17, 2024
  • 24
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Samenvatting H4: Gastro-
intestinaal stelsel
Inhoud
1. Inleiding: algemene structuur.............................................................................................................2
2. Mondholte..........................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Lippen...........................................................................................................................................2
2.1.1 Extern deel.............................................................................................................................2
2.1.2 Intern deel.............................................................................................................................3
2.2 Wangen.........................................................................................................................................3
2.3 Tanden..........................................................................................................................................3
2.4 Eigenlijke mondholte....................................................................................................................4
2.5 Tong..............................................................................................................................................5
2.5.1 Bovenzijde tong.....................................................................................................................5
2.5.2 Dwarse doorsnede door tong................................................................................................6
2.6 Speekselklieren.............................................................................................................................6
2.7 Farynx...........................................................................................................................................8
3. De eigenlijke spijsbuis.........................................................................................................................8
3.1 De slokdarm of oesophagus..........................................................................................................8
3.2 De maag........................................................................................................................................9
3.2.1 Algemene bouw.....................................................................................................................9
3.2.2 Cardiamucosa......................................................................................................................10
3.2.3 Fundus- en corpusmucosa...................................................................................................11
3.2.4 Pylorusmucosa.....................................................................................................................12
3.3 Dundarm.....................................................................................................................................13
3.3.1 Algemeenheden...................................................................................................................13
3.3.2 Dundarmmucosa..................................................................................................................13
3.3.3 Submucosa...........................................................................................................................15
3.3.4 Muscularis externa...............................................................................................................15
3.3.5 Serosa..................................................................................................................................15
3.4 Ileocaecale klep of klep van Bohin..............................................................................................15
3.5 Dikdarm of colon.........................................................................................................................15
3.5.1 Omvat..................................................................................................................................15
3.5.2 Functie.................................................................................................................................15


1

, 3.5.3 Belangrijke verschillen met dundarm...................................................................................15
3.5.4 Appendix vermiformis..........................................................................................................16
3.5.5 Caecum, colon en rectum....................................................................................................16
3.5.6 Anaal kanaal of canalis analis...............................................................................................16
4. De grote spijsverteringsklieren.........................................................................................................18
4.1 Lever en galwegen......................................................................................................................18
4.1.1 Algemeenheden...................................................................................................................18
4.1.2 Ruimte van Kiernan of portaveld.........................................................................................19
4.1.3 Bouw....................................................................................................................................20
4.1.4 Galwegen.............................................................................................................................20
4.2 Galblaas......................................................................................................................................21
4.2.1 Algemeen.............................................................................................................................21
4.2.2 Bouw....................................................................................................................................21
4.3 Pancreas of alvleesklier...............................................................................................................22
4.3.1 Algemeen.............................................................................................................................22
4.3.2 Exocrien deel........................................................................................................................22
4.3.3 Kenmerken exocriene kliercel..............................................................................................23
4.3.4 Eilandjes van langerhans......................................................................................................23
4.3.5 Bloedvoorziening pancreas..................................................................................................24

1. Inleiding: algemene structuur
- Spijsvertering= veranderen van voedsel
o Opname stoffen in bloedcirculatie
o Eliminatie van niet bruikbare stoffen (defecatie)
o Maag + darmen <-> slokdarm: transport, geen vertering
o Mucosa <-> huid: epidermis + dermis
- 3 delen
o Mondholte
o Eigenlijke spijsbuis (ongeveer 8.5m) + klieren
o Spijsverteringsklieren
 Speekselklieren
 Lever
 Pancreas
 Galblaas

2. Mondholte
2.1 Lippen
- Overgang (epi)dermis naar mucosa

2.1.1 Extern deel
- Meerlagig verhoornd plaveiselepitheel

2

, - Dermis
o Zweet + talg/sebum klieren
o Haartjes
- Overgangszone= lippenrood
o Epitheel is minder verhoornd
o Dermis bevat veel dermale papillen + sterke vascularisatie en innervatie
 Veel papillen  mechanische druk
o Kleuren rood door meer elidine (=transformatievorm van keratine) + minder
verhoorning

2.1.2 Intern deel
- Meerlagig niet verhoornd plaveiselepitheel: mucosa
o Speeksel= vocht laag die epitheelcellen gaat isoleren van wat aanwezig is in
mondholte + vermijden van uitdroging
 Zorgt voor bescherming in plaats van hoornlaag
- Lamina propria
o Mukeuze speekselkliertjes
o Centrale as: M. Orbicularis oris= dwarsgestreept spierweefsel  lippen willekeurig
bewegen
o Losmazig bindweefsel met veel elastine vezels

2.2 Wangen
- Structuur vergelijkbaar met de lippen
- Extern deel
o Huid: epidermis + dermis
- Intern deel
o Meerlagig niet verhoornd plaveiselpitheel
o Lamina propria
 Mukeuze speekselklieren
- Centrale as
o M. Buccinator: dwarsgestreepte spier  zorgt ervoor dat bij kauwen wang niet
tussen tanden zit + naar achter trekken van mondhoeken
o Elastine vezels

2.3 Tanden
- Bestaat uit kroon + hals + wortel met een centrale opening waarin pulpa ligt
- Gingiva= tandvlees
o Vormt opstaande boord  tussen boord en tandkroon heb je groeve= sulcus
gingivalis
 Plaats waar voedselresten zich opstapelen  vormen tandplak met bacteriën
 vorming tandsteen  ontsteking + uitzakken tandvlees  deel dentine
komt bloot te liggen= gevoelige tanden aangezien zenuwvezels ook bloot
liggen
o Parakeratotisch plaveiselepitheel
- Parodontale ligament
o Vezels van Sharpey= collageen vezels die tand vasthechten in tand bot
- Bot van tandalveole
- Cement

3

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