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Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA 2020 (1)
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Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA 2020 (1)
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Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA 2020pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWER-The endocrine system's most influential gland.
Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and ADH
important in this unit.
ACTH - CORRECT ANSWER-Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of
adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol.
ADH - CORRECT ANSWER-antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on
Kidney and smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstriction and
reabsorption of H2O
TSH - CORRECT ANSWER-thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid
gland. Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which
causes little to no reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased thirst, high B
osmolarity which results in general signs of dehydration.
diabetes insipidus etiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Two possible
1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH
2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions (maybe tumor or edema)
SIADH - CORRECT ANSWER-syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic
hormone. That causes excess retention of water resulting in BP increase (increased
stroke volume), generalized edema.
SIADH etiology - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics
2. Trauma; brain tumor etc...
3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone
T3 and T4 function - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolism
Calcitonin function - CORRECT ANSWER-Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering
uptake in bones.
Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-excessive activity of the thyroid gland that
can be due to cancer autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism autoimmune - CORRECT ANSWER-Grave's dz
Hyperthyroidism labs - CORRECT ANSWER-T3, T4 and and TSH
, S/S of hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-Same as hypermetabolism...
agitated, exopthalmus, nervous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive etc.goiter
thyrotoxic crisis - CORRECT ANSWER-aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition
characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid
metabolism.
Tx Hyperthyroid: - CORRECT ANSWER-Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or
thioamide (inhibits incorp of I into hormones)
Hypothyroidism etiology - CORRECT ANSWER-low levels of thyroid hormone due to
hypoactive thyroid gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction of arts of the
gland autoimmune, endemic iodine deficiency.
Hypothyroidism autoimmune - CORRECT ANSWER-Hashimotos
Hypothyroidism S/S - CORRECT ANSWER-Same as hypometabolism ie,
tired,
sluggish
Cold intolerant
obese
decreased hr, p, rr
Hypothroidism labs - CORRECT ANSWER-low T3/T4
High TSH
Myxedema coma - CORRECT ANSWER-extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med
cessation), rare with a high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to
decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain and organ depletion leading to
multi-organ failure
Tx hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-administration of thyroid hormones-
levothyroxine or synthroid. DOSED IM MICROGRAMS Screening at birth is
mandatory. Early detection is critical to prevent mental retardation.
What hormones regulate calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER-parathyroid hormone and
calcitonin
Osteoclasts are - CORRECT ANSWER-cells that break down bone matrix
Osteoblasts are - CORRECT ANSWER-bone forming cells
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