Exam (elaborations)
PCOL 838 Exam 1 (2).
- Course
- Institution
PCOL 838 Exam 1 (2).
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lydiaomutho
Content preview
PCOL 838 Exam 12 common vitro tests of coagulation - ANS-"sec req to form a clot"
-prothrombin time (PT)
-activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
-both use Ca++
3 Contributors to Thrombus - ANS-1. Decreased blood flow
2. vessel injury/inflammation
3. changes in intrinsic properties of the blood
=hyper coagulable states (Virchow triad)
3 main causes of thrombocytopenia - ANS-1. increased size of spleen or activity(hypersplenism)
2. on-going clotting
3. immune-mediated consumption caused by either drugs (most common)
ADA, PNP (autosomal) occurs when - ANS-Between stem cell and Pro-B/T
Adenosine deaminase deficiency - ANS-~20%
autosomal recessive
AIDS- what is required for viral replication - ANS-T cell activation
Amplification - ANS--Occurs on surface of platelets
1. Thrombin -> V, VIII, XI
2. XIa -> IX to IXa
Anemia - ANS-abnormally low red blood cell count; very common (erythrocytosis uncommon)
Classified by count, color, shape, size, MCV (mean corspuscular volume)
All lead to decreaed oxygen carrying capacity (fatigue, weakness, SOB, dyspnea on exertion)
anisocytosis - ANS-cells of unequal sizes
Antithrombin - ANS-protease inhibitor
-blocks the action of the serine proteases
-activity 2000 fold by heparin
aPTT - ANS-Intrinsic; non-TF dep and common pathways
-phospholipids activator
-abnormal when VIII or IX activities below 50%
Auto-antibody - ANS-Can bind to endothelial cells and cause injury; further increasing the risk of
local thrombosis by release of TF
, Average lifespan of mature neutrophil - ANS-12 hrs in blood
Average time for blood to clot - ANS-10-14 seconds
B Cells - ANS-Make antibodies
HRO: Cytokines
Basophils - ANS-Release histamines and immune reactions
HRO: Cytokines
Blast Crisis - ANS-Chronic myelogenous leukemia
1. Majority of both myeloid and lymphoid cells in the blood are affected
2. Identical gene rearrangement (bcr-abl/Philly chromosome), originated in a single abnormal
progenitor cell
3. bcr/abl fusion protein has enhanced tyrosine kinase activity that produces dysregulated
growth and neoplastic transformation of blood cells
Bone marrow cancers (metastases, leukemias) mechanism - ANS-Reduced site of leukocyte
development
Btk deficiency occurs when - ANS-Between Pre-B and Immature B cell
Causes for SCID - ANS-Deficiency of ADA, PNP, x-linked scid yc chain (only no T); autosomal
acid DNA repair defect
General susceptibility
CCR5 gene - ANS-C-C chemokine receptor type 5
Expressed on surface of immune cells; HIV-1 uses this to enter helper T cells; learning and
memory
Coagulation factor disorders - ANS--Quantitative
-Hereditary
Coagulation factors - ANS-"a"
-remain dormant until needed
-most made by liver except ...
Coagulation system - ANS--highly complex
-regulated interaction of cells and plasma
-End Result: formation of a complex of cross-linked fibrin molecules and platelets
Common variable immunodeficiency - ANS-Cause: Unknown, MCH linked
Defect: defective IgA and IgG production
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78462 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now