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PS101_ Introduction to Patient Safety (1
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PS101_ Introduction to Patient Safety (1
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PS101: Introduction to Patient SafetyHow many new drugs does the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
approve every year?
A. Less than 10
B. 10 to 20
C. More than 20 - CORRECT ANSWER-C
In 2017, the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research approved 46 novel
drugs. The ten-year graph below shows that from 2008 through 2016, it averaged
about 31 new drug approvals per year.
Janet is especially busy because one of her colleagues called out sick, and she
needs to collect blood samples for four patients. She collects one sample, and
before she gets a chance to label it, another patient in an emergency situation needs
her help. She leaves the unlabeled specimen on the nurses' station for a moment.
When Janet returns, there is a second unlabeled vial of blood at the nurses' station.
She realizes another nurse was obtaining blood samples and was also called away.
Neither nurse knows which vial belongs to which patient.
What about this scenario seems to make an adverse event likely to occur? (Choose
all that apply.)
A. Janet is not trying hard enough at her job.
B. Janet is juggling multiple tasks at once.
C. Janet was interrupted in the middle of a task with inherent room for error.
D. There are not enough staff members to keep up with the demands of care. -
CORRECT ANSWER-B, C, D
A patient is scheduled for surgery on her left leg. Initially, an intern prepares the
patient by marking the correct surgical site on the dressing on the leg. The intern's
teammate removes the dressing, but addresses the problem by marking the surgical
site on the patient's skin. However, he uses a water-soluble marker. The ink
becomes smeared and illegible. The attending surgeon is new and not familiar with
the hospital's marking procedures. Meanwhile, the nurses helping with the surgery
are busy preparing the patient and the operating room. Generally, the operating
room schedule is tight, and everyone is in a hurry to move the surgery forward.
What type of adverse event in particular is more likely to occur because of the
system failures in this scenario?
A. Improper anesthesia dosing
B. Retained foreign body after surgery
C. Wrong site surgery
, D. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Isadora is a first-year surgery resident on her first pediatric rotation. Her attending
(consultant) asks her to immediately start intravenous (IV) replacement fluids on a
two-year-old girl who is experiencing vomiting and diarrhea. Isadora has recently
learned the guidelines for calculating fluid replacement rates for very small children;
however, she confuses them and picks a rate that is too high.
To prevent this type of error from recurring in this unit, which of the following is
MOST important?
A. An improved culture of safety
B. More severe, well-publicized consequences fro providers who are reckless
C. A change to the system, so it does not rely as heavily on human memory
D. Clearer medical guidelines for fluid replacement in patients of all ages -
CORRECT ANSWER-C
Safety has been called a "dynamic non-event" because when humans are in a
potentially hazardous environment:
A. It takes significant work to ensure nothing bad happens
B. It requires the same kind of thinking that causes problems to set them right
C. It is natural to establish and follow safe practices
D. There is generally a high prevalence of "near-misses." - CORRECT ANSWER-A
James is a first-year surgery resident on his first pediatric rotation. His attending
(supervising physician) asks him to start intravenous (IV) replacement fluids on a
two-year-old boy who is having vomiting and diarrhea. Having trouble remembering
the guidelines for calculating fluid replacement rates for very small children, James
asks Maria, a nurse on the unit. Maria responds, "You're the doctor. It's your job to
decide this." James picks a rate that is much too high, putting the child into fluid
overload.
Who is likely to be negatively affected by this medical error?
A. The patient and his family
B. James
C. Maria
D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-D
"Patient safety" means:
A. Eliminating errors and adverse effects to patients associated with health care
B. Eliminating waste in health care services
C. Eliminating health inequities in all populations
D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-A
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