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Bio 209 Drexel Exam 2 (1)
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Bio 209 Drexel Exam 2A nucleotide sequence to which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription -
ANS-Promoter: The RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at a region called the promoter. These
structures vary in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotic promoters have a sequence called a
TATA as well as many different transcription factors.
Protein cofactors in eukaryotic cells that assist RNA polymerase II are called - ANS-General
Transcription Factors: general transcription factors are different cofactors that are required for
initiation of transcription by RNA pol II, and they bind to the promoter in a specific order.
The segments of a eukaryotic gene that correspond to the sequences in the final processed
RNA transcript of that gene - ANS-Exons: As part of eukaryotic mRNA processing, the introns
are noncoding, intervening sequences which get spliced out and are not in the final transcript.
The exons remain and get spliced together.
Transcription is best described as - ANS-The process of making an RNA complement of a DNA
molecule: Transcription is when a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA. The RNA is
complementary to the DNA strand.
What is the sequence of the RNA molecule that would be transcribed from a DNA template
strand that has the following sequence: 3' AAT GAG CCG ATG 5'? - ANS-5' UUA CUC GGC
UAC 3': Since the DNA template is running 3' to 5', the RNA sequence must be 5' to 3'
Which of the following statements describe properties of transcription that are NOT the same in
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
1. Consists of three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination
2. Transcription is coupled to translation
3. Modifications of the transcript take place - ANS-2. Transcription is coupled to translation and
3. Modification of the transcript take place: Both experience initiation, elongation, temination.
Only prokaryotes are able to couple transcription and translation due to lack of nucleus. Only
eukaryotes experience modifications such as exons. Prokaryotes have one continuous strand
and dont spice.
Which protein, found in E. coli, is only involved in transcription initiation - ANS-Sigma: Bacteria
only requires one transcription factor, and that transcription factor is sigma.
Which ONE property is found in RNA polymerase, but NOT DNA polymerase? - ANS-RNA
polymerase does not require an RNA primer, but DNA polymerase does. Both catalyze in a 5' to
3' direction and both experience a nucleophilic attack by a 3' OH group.
, Which RNA processing events occur peri-transcriptionally and which occur post
transcriptionally? - ANS-Only formation of the 5' 7-methylguanosine cap occurs
peri-transcriptionally (during elongation). Polyadenylation at the 3' end of the RNA and RNA
splicing both occur post-transcriptionally.
Which type of RNA is found as a component of the spliceosome? - ANS-snRNA: spliceosomes
are made of snRNA (small nuclear RNA's) that when in a complex with proteins they are called
snRNPs. snRNA's function is splicing of pre-mRNA.
The sequential series of nucleotide triplets that are positioned in the A site of the ribosome
during translation - ANS-Reading frame: The reading frame is the 3 letter sequence that codes
for the amino acid.
When the first two bases of the mRNA codon and anticodon pair properly, but the third base in
the anticodon can pair with more than one base - ANS-Wobble hypothesis: The Wobble
hypothesis allows variance in the genetic code while making the same amino acid.
Since there are 64 different codons which of the following statements is/are TRUE? -
ANS-Several tRNAs exist for certain amino acids and the anticodons of some tRNAs can
recognize more than one codon
True Statements about the genetic code: - ANS-Code is degenerate, Based on nucleotide
triplets, Code is (nearly) universal, Contains start and stop codons, Code is ordered
Characteristics of translational elongation - ANS--The A site is bound by a complex of
aminoacyl-tRNA, EF-tu, and GTP
- Peptide bond formation is catalyzed the 23sRNA
-After peptide bond formation EF-G and GTP mediate the translocation of the ribosome
-Elongation of the protein occurs in the amino (NH2) to carboxyl (COOH) terminal direction
-Ribosomes move in the 5' to 3' direction on the mRNA
Protein folding is often assisted by a group of proteins called - ANS-chaperones/chaperonins:
after the synthesis of proteins there is a step in which they are folded and this is assisted by
chaparonins.
The Svedberg (S) unit is used to measure the relative size of ___________and relies directly on
_____________properties of the molecule in question. - ANS-Ribosomes, sedimentation: The
svedberg unit is used to measure the relative size of ribosomes and relies directly on
sedimentation properties of the molecule in question. Sedimentation is how fast a product
settles and that property provides insight into the protein's size and shape.
Prior to eukaryotic translation initiation the messenger RNA (mRNA) binds to which ribosomal
subunit first? - ANS-40S: Initiation factors bind CBP and then the 40S subunit, the small
ribosomal unit, to the mRNA prior to initiation. Once at the start codon, initiation factors fall off
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