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PNUR 104 (Theory) - WK1-4 (1)
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PNUR 104 (Theory) - WK1-4 (1)
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PNUR 104 (Theory) - WK1-4Define HEALTH as one of the concepts/
components of the Nursing Metaparadigm. - ANS-The 4 components of the Nursing
Metaparadigm : 1. Persons or Client 2. Environment (internal and external surroundings 3.
Health ( the degree if wellness and or well being) 4. Nursing (providing care)
Distinguish between the terms health,
wellness, well-being, illness and disease. - ANS-Health= is the fulfillment of a person's
maximum potential for physical, psychological and spiritual functioning.
Wellness= includes both decision making and self responsibility. achieving the goal of
happiness. (eg managing stress, nutrition)
Well-being= "subjective", one's perception of feeling well. illness= Is ones personal/ symptoms
experience with the disease. Disease= Changes in the bodies function, resulting in reductions in
abilities or shortens life span.
Identify the indicators of well-being - ANS-10 areas (WHF-SLH-SELF) 1. Work 2. Housing 3.
Family 4. Social Participation 5. Leisure 6. Health 7. Security 8. Environment 9. Financial
Security 10. Learning
Review and differentiate between various
historical models of health and wellness. - ANS-5 Different Models: 1. Clinical Model of Health=
Health is --- a state of well being and using every power that individuals possess to the fullest
extent. No symptoms of disease, no state of being sick. Illness is--- is more subjective and
people may consider themselves healthy even if they have physical challenges. This would be
considered an illness. 2. Role Performance Model Of Health= Health is --- defined in terms of an
individuals' ability to fulfill societal roles.
Illness is --- presence of signs and symptoms of injury 3. Agent Host Environment Model=
Health is---when a person or group of people (HOST) is able to prevent an (AGENT) in ones
(ENVIROMENT) from causing an illness or disease. Illness is--- when someone (HOST) is at
risk to an an (AGENT) that is in ones external (ENVIROMENT) that can lead to illness or
disease physical or mental. 4. Illness- Wellness Continua Model= Health --- is changing from
high levels of health & well-being & varies on the continuum Illness --- is levels of health and
well-being 5. Health Withing Illness= "One may be physically ill and at the same time oriented
towards wellness". "One may be physically healthy and at the same time function from an illness
perspective"
Discuss the importance of: the Lalonde Report - ANS-Happened in 1974 and the main focus
was Behaviour and Lifestyle changes. 4 components to health= 1. Biology, 2. lifestyle, 3.
Environment, 4. Health Care organization.
, Discuss the importance of: Epp Report - ANS-Happening in 1986- focus= Challenges to Health
& Inequalities
Discuss the importance of: The Ottawa Charter - ANS-Happened in 1986- Focus= Health
Promotion & Socio-Environmental Aspects of Health
Discuss the importance of: Strategies of Population Health - ANS-Happened in 1994- Focus =
Determinants of Health: this report sets the determinants of health at the frameworks for
population health.
Discuss the importance of: The Toronto Charter - ANS-Happened in 2002- Social Determinants
of Health & Policy Development -> promoted social responsibility for health, increased
investment for health development and consolidated and expanded partnerships for health.
Discuss the importance of: The Jakarta Declaration - ANS-Happened on 1997- Focused= on
primary health care, social justice and Community Empowerment.
Discuss the importance of: Public Health Goals for Canadians - ANS-Happened in 2005-
focused= to achieve population health and not just individual health. also social determinants of
health.
Discuss (15) key Social Health Determinants in terms of their influence achieving health.
SBI-IDI-E-UJS-EWC-ECE-FI-H-SE-SSN-HS-AS-G-R-D - ANS-A health determinant is a range
of factors that determines the health of Canada. there are 15 -> 1. Stress, bodies, and illness +
2. Income and Income Distribution + 3. Education + 4. Unemployment & Job Security 5.
Employment and Working Conditions + 6. Early Childhood Education + 7. Food Insecurity + 8.
Housing + 9. Social Exclusion + 10. Social Safety Net + 11. Health Services + 12. Aboriginal
Status + 13. Gender + 14. Race + 15. Disability
What are a. Upstream Thinkers and b. Downstream Thinkers? - ANS-a. Focus on contributing
factors or causes of illness/disease or injury b. Focus on the event itself of illnes or health.
Differentiate between a. health promotion, b. disease prevention and c. health Protection. -
ANS-a. activities that improves ones health by modifying ones own behavior. eg. exercise b.
measures to prevent/ control risk factors by modifying the environment. eg. immunization c.
activities that prevent/ minimize injuries by modifying the environment. eg. hurricane
precautions.
What are the levels of prevention? - ANS-1. Primary Prevention: Focuses on health promotion
before anything happens
2. Secondary Prevention: focuses on identification and treating it
3. Tertiary Prevention: focuses on restoration and rehab
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