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Nur 101 Exam 3_ Bowel Elimination (1
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Nur 101 Exam 3_ Bowel Elimination (1
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Nur 101 Exam 3: Bowel EliminationOrgans of the GI Tract function - ANS--absorb fluid & nutrients, prepare food for absorption &
use by body cells, & provide temporary storage of feces
-absorbs high volumes of fluids, making fluid and electrolyte balance a key function
Function of mouth - ANS-mastication
function of esophagus - ANS-peristalsis moves food into the stomach`
function of stomach - ANS-stores food; mixes food, liquid, and digestive juices; moves food into
small intestine
function of small intestine - ANS-duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Where does digestion occur? - ANS-Mouth to small intestine
function of anus - ANS-expels feces and flatus from the rectum
where does bowel elimination occur? - ANS-large intestine to anus
large intestine - ANS--primary organ of bowel elimination
-extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus
-functions: absorption of water, formation of feces, expulsion of feces from the body
-divided into the cecum, colon, rectum
-larger in diameter than small intestine, short (5-6 ft)
flow through the large intestine - ANS-ilium, illeocecal valve, ascending colon, transverse colon,
descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal sphincter, anus
Process of Peristalsis - ANS--under control of the nervous system
-contractions occur every 3-12 minutes
-mass peristalsis sweeps occur one to four times each 24 hour period
-1/3 to 1/2 of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hours
variables influencing bowel elimination - ANS--developmental considerations
-diet
-activity and muscle tone
-psychological variables
-daily patterns
-medications
-diagnostic studies
, -surgery & anesthesia
-pathologic conditions and pain
Age considerations: Newborns - ANS-pass meconium within 24 hours of birth
meconium - ANS-the greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first
stools of a newborn
Age considerations: Toddler (2-3 years old) - ANS-control of defecation begins
Age considerations: elderly - ANS--colon loses muscle tone with aging
-constipation: most common bowel management problem
Diet considerations - ANS-Fiber intake: provides fecal bulk, softens the stool and stimulates the
reflex to defecate
Fluid intake: healthy bowel elimination requires 2,000-3,000mL of fluid per day
Constipating foods - ANS-processed cheese, lean meat, eggs, pasta
foods with laxative effect - ANS-certain fruits and vegetables, bran, chocolate, alcohol, coffee,
prunes
Gas-producing foods - ANS-onions, cabbage, beans, cauliflower
Activity - ANS-movement stimulates peristalsis
alterations due to immobility - ANS--lack of daily exercise and bed rest can result in weak
abdominal and pelvic muscles
-neurological impairment: EX clients with strokes or spinal cord injuries
psychological factors - ANS-high stress levels
anxiety or anger: may increase peristalsis= diarrhea
major depression: may slow peristalsis= constipation
medications that are constipating - ANS--drugs such as aluminum-based antacids, iron
supplements, anticholinergic, and opiates
medications that may cause diarrhea - ANS-antibiotics; due to the normal bacteria in the GI tract
being destroyed by the antibiotic therapy
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