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Digestive System PNUR 101 (1)
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Digestive System PNUR 101 (1)
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Digestive System PNUR 101ingestion - ANS-process of taking in and swallowing food
mechanical digestion - ANS-Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion - ANS-Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that
the body can use
propulsion - ANS-movement through the tract by deglutition and peristlsis
deglutition - ANS-term for swallowing
peristalsis - ANS-term for contraction of smooth muscles along the GI tract
secretion - ANS-release of saliva and mucus (to lubricate food for swallowing and protection
from stomach acids,) bile and enzymes (to breakdown food), water (to help with absorption and
movement)
absorption - ANS-nutrients moving into bloodstream or lymphatic system for delivery to body
cells
elimination - ANS-defecation (release) of undigested material or feces
bolus - ANS-A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva
mucous membrane - ANS-(innermost layer of digestive tract) Membrane that secretes mucus
that lubricates the surface of organs and keeps them moist.
stratified squamous epithelium - ANS-in the mouth, esophagus, and anus what type of cells
make up the mucous membrane?
simple columnar epithelium - ANS-cells found in the mucous membrane of the digestive tract in
all areas except the mouth, esophagus, and anus
Submucosa - ANS-A layer of the human digestive system. Thick connective tissue layer that
contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes
muscularis - ANS-smooth muscle layer, responsible for peristalsis
Serosa - ANS-outermost layer of GI tract; forms part of the peritoneum. Secretes serous fluid
, serous fluid - ANS-A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane that
lubricates and prevents fluid of organs
digestive organs - ANS-organs found within the digestive tract
accessory organs - ANS-organs in digestive system necessary for digestion but not a direct part
of the digestive tract
digestive tract organs - ANS-Are these organs of the digestive tract or accessory organs?
Mouth, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine/colon and anus
accessory organs - ANS-Are these organs of the digestive tract or accessory organs? Tongue,
teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
mastication - ANS-process of breaking food down with your teeth
tongue - ANS-muscular organ that aids in chewing, swallowing and is one of the principal
organs of speech
taste buds - ANS-sensory organs in the mouth that contain the receptors for taste
frenulum - ANS-Membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth
hard palate - ANS-roof of the mouth; anterior portion of the roof of the mouth (bony) separates
oral and nasal cavaties
soft palate - ANS-roof of mouth; posterior portion, not supported by bone formed from muscle
and connective tissue. Allows for swallowing of bolus
uvula - ANS-a flap of tissue that hangs off the posterior edge of the soft palate. It helps form
speech sounds and helps close the nasopharynx during swallowing
crown - ANS-part of the tooth that is above the gum (exposed). It is made of dentin and covered
in enamel
dentin - ANS-Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a
protective layer of cementum in the root.
enamel - ANS-hard, outermost layer of a tooth
neck - ANS-narrow region of the tooth surrounded by the gums (gingiva)
gingiva - ANS-term for gums (in your mouth)
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