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PNUR 101 SKELETAL SYSTEM (1)
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PNUR 101 SKELETAL SYSTEM (1)
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PNUR 101 SKELETAL SYSTEMWhat are the functions of the skeletal system? - ANS-Functions of the skeletal system
Framework for entire body
Protect internal organs
Movement/anchorage of muscles
Mineral storage (calcium)
Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
what are the bone shapes? - ANS-flat - ribs, cranium
long - most of arm and
leg bones
short - wrist and ankle
irregular - spinal column, facial bones
what are the bone tissues? (2 types) - ANS-Compact
hard and dense
makes up the shaft of long bones (diaphysis) and the outer layer of other bones
Spongy
light weight, resembling a sponge
small, bony plates with trabeculae
filled with red marrow
found at the end of long bones (epiphysis) and at the center of other bones
long bone structures? (4 types) - ANS-Diaphysis (shaft) - compact bone surrounding inner cavity
Medullary cavity contains yellow marrow
Epiphysis (end) - spongy bone surrounded by compact bone
Articular cartilage - surrounds epiphysis
BONE FORMATION and REPAIR - ANS-Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) make bone matrix
containing collagen
Calcium is deposited within the matrix (hardens) osteoblasts surrounded by hard matrix become
osteocytes (mature bone cells)
Osteoclasts break down bone for repair and remodeling (resorption) or if stored minerals are
needed eg: Ca
axial skeleton? - ANS-Central portion
Skull (cranial and facial bones)
Trunk (spinal column, ribs, sternum and hyoid bones)
appendicular skeleton? - ANS-Upper extremities (shoulder girdles, arms, wrists, hands)
Lower extremities (hip girdle, legs, ankles and feet)
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