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BIO 151 - MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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BIO 151 - MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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BIO 151 - MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 Be sure that you're comfortable using the names of structures associated with skeletal muscle structure and function. This includes (but is not limited to): myofibril, myofilament, sarcolemma, T -tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum and terminal cisternae, plus t he components of the sarcomere (especially actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, Z -discs, H zone, A band, I band, and the "zone of overlap"). - ANSWER Myofibril: perform muscle cpntraction Myofilament: Actin and myosin in the muscle Sarcolemma: specialized membrane which surrounds striated muscle fiber cells. (acts as a barrier) T-tubule: Help spread action potential Sarcoplasmic reticulum: stores calcium terminal cisternae: store calcium sarcomere: The structural and functional units of a myofibril actin: allows for attachment of myosin heads myosin: the heads form cross bridges with the actin, looks like a golf club troponin: prevents myosin from binding to actin in relaxed muscle. Tropomyosin: blocks the attachment site for the myosin cross bridge, thus preventing contraction. Z disc: separate one sarcomere from the next H zone: area of only thick filaments A band: middle area in the sarcomere where thick and thin filaments are found. I band: lighter, contains thin filaments but no thick filaments Zone of overlap: thin filaments and thick filaments occupy the same area Describe the events in excitation -contraction coupling: o This is the sequence of events from the arrival of the action potential in the axon terminal of the motor neuron up to the shortening of the sarcomere - ANSWER Once the postsynaptic membrane (muscle cell membrane - sarcolemma) gets depolarized, an action potential is produced in the muscle fiber • This AP (produced at the NMJ) spreads along the membrane, including down along the T -tubules • Depolarization of the T -tubules causes voltage -gated Ca2+ channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open, allowing Ca2+ to cross the membrane of the SR • Ca2+ can then diffuse out of the SR (especially at the terminal cisternae) into the sarcoplasm • Once Ca2+ ions enter the sarcoplasm, they bind totroponin, causing a shape change • This change allows the troponin -tropomyosin complex to move, exposing the active sites on the G actin molecules • The heads of the myosin myofilaments are now able to bind to the G actin active site, forming cross -bridges (when myosin and actin bind)
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