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A level chemistry 9701 summary on Carboxylic acid $3.99   Add to cart

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A level chemistry 9701 summary on Carboxylic acid

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Contains all the definitions, reactions and notes needed for topic carboxylic acid of organic chemistry 9701.

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  • July 20, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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Carboxylic Acid
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
A-Level

, Carboxylic Acid
General Formula:




Structure:

- Contains the carboxyl functional group COOH.
- Includes a carbonyl (C = O) group and a hydroxyl (O – H) group
- The bonds are in a planar arrangement
- Are isomeric with Esters :- RCOOR’
Physical Properties:
Solubility Boiling Point
- Acids are very soluble in organic solvents - Increases as size increases – increased
- Soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding van der Waals forces
- Small ones dissolve readily in cold water - C.A have high boiling points for their
- As mass increases, the solubility relative mass.
decreases - Arises from inter-molecular Hydrogen
- Benzoic acid is fairly insoluble in cold but bonding due to the polar O – H Bonds.
soluble in hot water. - Additional inter-molecular attractions =
more energy needed to separate the
molecules.




Chemical Properties
Acidity
- Weak monobasic acids


- Form salts with alkalis


The acid can be liberated from its salt by treatment with a stronger acid.
E,g.



Conversion of an acid to its water soluble salt followed by acidification of the salt to restore
the acid is often used to separate acids from a mixture.

C.A are strong enough acids to liberate CO2 from carbonates. Phenols are less acidic but are
strong enough to liberate CO2.
2

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