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Intro to Peace building With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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Intro to Peace building With Complete SolutionsLatest Update
Peacebuilding - correct answers A broad range of measures implemented in the
context of emerging, current or post-conflict situations and which are explicitly
guided and motivated by a primary commitment to the prevention of violent
conflict and the promotion of a lasting, sustainable peace.
A framework and international institutional structure
Consolidated as known now in early 1990s
Definitions across the board (academia or orgs) are intentionally broad to make
room for a diverse intervention (economic, social, legal, cultural) targeted at
numerous actors (local, regional, national)
UN Agenda for Peace (1992) - correct answers Defines peacebuilding as an "action
to identify and support structures which will tend to solidify peace in order to
avoid a relapse into conflict "
The agenda sets forth the operational mandate, policy directives and institutional
framework that need to be created or strengthened in order to anchor
international peace support operations
Revised in 1995 to make way for more expansive peace building mandate
,Takes another decade for recommendations of this agenda to be consolidated and
formalized into the "peacebuilding architecture"
Particular importance in 1990s due to the shift in political climate that favors
multinational
3 P's of Agenda - correct answers Peacemaking; Peacekeeping; Peacebuilding
Peacemaking - correct answers Fact finding missions, early warning alerts, "naming
and shaming"
Negotiation, mediation, arbitration and judicial settlement.
high level diplomacy, all parties in conflict to peace negotiation table
From 1940-1989 roughly 75% to 100% of civil wars end in military victory; 1990s
forward a peace support operation that has been institutionalized by UN -> 42% of
civil wars ended by peace negotiation
From 1989 to 2004 most civil wars ended in peace negotiations, more than any
other time in history
,Peacekeeping - correct answers Deployment of multinational UN peacekeeping
force with the consent of all the parties concerned. Under the authority of the
UNSC. Civilian observer missions and police force.
main conflict management tool used by international community
Since established in 19 UN has authorized more than 70 blue helmets - impartial,
neutral, multinational force
What is important of peacekeepers is all parties need to consent
Peacekeeping traditionally in UN but from 2016 greater deployment being
operated by African Union, EU, etc
Peacekeepers under a lot of criticism from issues related to issues of force to no
use of force (Bosnia and Somalia
Aftermath of the Cold War - correct answers Post Cold War politics of 1990s
witnessed a shift to a greater international interventionist strategy (state and non-
state) focusing on peace and ending human atrocities of war in response to
genocide, ethnic cleansing, Chapter 6 of UN Charter and the Responsibility To
Protect mandate (RTP)
Peacebuilding architecture setting itself up for greater international (UN)
intervention
, Expansive outreach of human rights instruments
in most of the western donor countries beginning of peacebuilding units, budget
lines aligned to peace operations (US, France, Germany)
Major Peacebuilding Operations - correct answers Since 1988 -2012 the UN
established over 54 major peacebuilding operations
Post- cold war liberal peacebuilding
strong economic cost to war that affects global economic, opportunity to expand
liberal markets and expanding growth world wide
Namibia (1989) Nicaragua (1989), Angola (1991), Cambodia (1991), El Salvador
(1991) Mozambique (1992), Liberai (1993), Rwanda (1993), Bosnia (1995), Croatia
(1995), Guatemala (1997), East Timor(1999) Kosovo (1999) , Sierra Leone (1999)
and now most recently in Afghanistan (2002) and Iraq (2003),Liberia (2003)
Roland Paris - correct answers Leading author and scholar on peacebuilding
strongest proponent of liberal peace, articulates that it is a social engineering
project
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