FRHD 2270 FINAL EXAM Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence - ANSWER "G" General Intelligence took items on standardized tests and compared them underlies test items measuring different abilities that are related Fluid intelligence - ANSWER -working memory capacity -basic information processing skills -processing speed -ability to detect relationships - more influenced by the brain than environment influences Crystallized intelligence - ANSWER -skills that depend on knowledge that we have accumulated or previously experienced -shaped primarily by our environment Gardner Theory of Multiple Intelligence - ANSWER -from child development studies from brain damaged and exceptional individuals -proposed that we have intelligence in 9 different areas -our abilities in these areas are distinct 1.Linguistic - ANSWER -ability to understand the meaning of words -ability to use language to convey ideas to others 2.spacial - ANSWER -ability to visualize objects before they are even built -perceive object accurately 3. logical/mathematical - ANSWER -ability to understand relations between objects, actions, ideas and mathematical operations 4. Musical - ANSWER ability to understand/produce sounds varying in pitch, rhythm and emotional tone 5. Bodily/kinaesthetic - ANSWER uses ones body in a highly differentiated way i.e athletes/dancers 6. Naturalistic - ANSWER -understand the natural word, distinguish natural object from artifacts, grouping and labelling nature phenomena 7. Interpersonal - ANSWER -identifying different moods, feelings motivations and intentions in others -works effectively with others 8. Intrapersonal - ANSWER -understanding one's own emotions and knowing one's strengths and weaknesses 9. Existential - ANSWER -considers the ultimate issues such as the meaning of life and the natures of death Emotional Intelligence - ANSWER -ability to use one's own emotions and others effectively for solving problems and living happily includes 2 factors: -ability to regulate one's own emotions -perceive ones own and other peoples emotions accurately People who have high Emotional Intelligence tend to have : - ANSWER -satsifying interpersonal relationships -higher self esteem Theory of Successful Intelligence - ANSWER -Sternberg 1999 defined intelligence as: skillfully using one's abilities to achieve one's goals (can be long or short term goals) -using one's skills defines successful intelligence >use 3 different types of abilities to achieve one's goals 1)Analytic ability , 2) Creative ability, 3) Practical Ability Analytic Ability - ANSWER -analyzing problems and generating different solutions -thinking about different solutions Creative Ability - ANSWER -dealing adaptively with new situations and problems Practical Ability - ANSWER -knowing what solution or plan will actually work -problems can be solved in different ways, but in reality only one solution will be practical Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test - ANSWER -2 years - adulthood -various cognitive & motor tasks( varying from easy to very difficult) -items that are dependant on the child's age Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - ANSWER -age 6-16 -includes other aspects of IQ besides verbal practical performance sections - produces 3 scores : verbal, performance, combined score Do these IQ Tests work ? - ANSWER -predict IQ later in life -IQ increases more if parents deliberately train their children's intellectual and motor skills What does IQ predict? - ANSWER -academic achievement -test scores, grades, staying in school psychological adjustment - ANSWER -high IQ associated with being well liked -low IQ associated with aggression/delinquency IQ and Future employment - ANSWER -children with high IQ are likely to be more successful but IQ not only factor -other factors include: -personality -family characteristic -practical intelligence IQ nature vs. nurture - ANSWER -fraternal twins share 50% of genetic make-up -identical twins share 100 % of genetic make- up Nature: Identical Twin studies - ANSWER -the closer the people are related (share for genes) the higher correlated their IQ is
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