MMBIO 221 Final Exam Questions With Verified Answers. Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent - answer✔✔Edward Jenner Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host - answer✔✔Paul Ehrlich Discovered penicillin - answer✔✔Alexander Fleming Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infect ions by using mists of phenol - answer✔✔Joseph Lister Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) - answer✔✔John Snow Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients - answer✔✔Ignaz Semmelweis Pioneered the cultivation of bacteria on solid media, Petri dishes, agar, and staining originated in his lab - answer✔✔Robert Koch Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of microorganisms with swan -necked flasks, Developed the first rabies vaccine - answer✔✔Louis Pasteur First person to see bacteria - answer✔✔Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of flies from meat; father of the scientific method. - answer✔✔Francesco Redi Which of the following microorganisms is known for its variety of locomotive structures? - answer✔✔Protozoa Fungi: - answer✔✔can be yeasts, are eukaryotic, can be molds The person who proposed that all cellular life belongs to one of three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya), based upon rRNA sequen ces is: - answer✔✔Carl Woese To which of the following substances would a typical cell membrane be least permeable? - answer✔✔Hydrogen ion (H+) Which of the following organisms are responsible for red tides involved in shellfish poisoning? - answer✔✔Algae Short, numerous, non -motile projections used for adherence, Numerous, short bristle -like projections important in biofilms - answer✔✔Fimbriae Made of tubulin in eukaryotes, Placement can be monotrichous, amphitrichous, or peritrichous - answer✔✔Flagella Responsible for motility in spirochetes - answer✔✔Axial filaments Have a central role in conjugation - answer✔✔Pili Means "Sugar cup"; most often composed of polysaccharides - answer✔✔Glycocalyx The endosymbiotic theory explains it's origin in the cell - answer✔✔Mitochondrion, Chloroplasts Composed of RNA and protein; major role in protein synthesis, 80S in eukaryotes; 70S in prokaryotes - answer✔✔Ribosomes Polysaccharide chains cross -linked by short peptides, The rigid and strong part of the bacterial cell w all - answer✔✔Peptidoglycan The main permeability barrier of the cell, Composed of phospholipids and protein, Very dehydrated and almost ametabolic life form; survival stage - answer✔✔Cell membrane Resting structure built for survival in harsh conditions - answer✔✔Endospore All of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella are true except: - answer✔✔They are composed of tubulin Which of the following terms is not associated with bacteri al cell walls? - answer✔✔Chitin Teichoic acids - answer✔✔Gram -positive bacteria only Lipopolysaccharide - answer✔✔Gram -negative bacteria only Peptidoglycan - answer✔✔Gram -positive bacteria, Gram -negative bacteria, Acid -fast bacteria Mycolic acids - answer✔✔Acid -fast bacteria only Lipid A - answer✔✔Gram -negative bacteria only Will appear blue after an acid -fast stain - answer✔✔A and B only Cells of the genus Mycoplasma lack which of the following? - answer✔✔A cell wall A red blood cell (RBC) is placed into a hypertonic solution - answer✔✔Crenation An RBC is placed into a hypotonic solution - answer✔✔Swell then burst (lysis) A plant cell is placed into a hypertonic solution - answer✔✔Plasmolysis A plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution - answer✔✔Nothi ng happens An RBC is placed into an isotonic solution - answer✔✔Nothing happens An object measures 0.5 µm. This is equivalent to - answer✔✔A. 500 nm Empty magnification results from increasing magnification without increasing the - answer✔✔resolution Assum e that a bacterial cell has established a typical proton gradient. When this gradient is used to power the transport of lactose into the cell, the process is most correctly termed - answer✔✔Symport Which of the following microscopes is capable of generatin g a three -dimensional image of a specimen? - answer✔✔confocal, differential interference contrast, scanning electron Gram -positive cells immediately following the primary stain - answer✔✔Purple Gram -negative cells immediately following decolorization - answer✔✔Colorless Gram -negative cells immediately following the primary stain - answer✔✔Purple Gram -positive cells immediately following the counterstain - answer✔✔Purple Malachite green is associated with which of the following staining procedures? - answer✔✔Endospore stain The reason visible light is relatively limited in its usefulness for microscopy is: - answer✔✔its wavelength is too long to enable high resolution of very small objects Most stains that stain bacteria well are classified as: - answer✔✔Basic (positively -charged chromophores) The molecule upon which an enzyme acts is known as its: - answer✔✔substrate Glucose goes in; pyruvate, ATP, and NADH come out - answer✔✔Gylcolysis Acetyl -Co-A goes in; NADH, FADH2, and GTP come out - answer✔✔Krebs Cycle Hydrogen atom "juicing"; a proton gradient is formed - answer✔✔Electron Transport Lactic acid is produced - answer✔✔Fermentation
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