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ASU BIO 340 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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ASU BIO 340 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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ASU BIO 340 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 selective breeding (artificial selection) - ANSWER the process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders Gregor Mendel (1822 -1884) - ANSWER Amateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea -plant experiments and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics" modern genetics - ANSWER the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics bacterial transforming principle - ANSWER an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat -killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform a non -virulent strain into a pathogenic one. Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - ANSWER biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment. Hershey and Chase (1952) - ANSWER concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein. Edwin Chargaff - ANSWER Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base -pairing rule for DNA). Frederick Griffith (1928) - ANSWER British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically genome - ANSWER the complete set of genetic information carried by a species vertical transmission - ANSWER gene transmission between organisms without parental reproduction horizontal transmission - ANSWER gene transmission from parents to their offspring through reproduction (aka person -to-person) DNA replication - ANSWER the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself. transcription - ANSWER synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template mRNA (messenger RNA) - ANSWER a single -stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein hereditary material - ANSWER the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans). Pauling and Corey (1951) - ANSWER biological researchers who provided the basis for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid) Watson and Crick (1953) - ANSWER the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape of DNA nucleotide - ANSWER a building block of DNA, consisting of a five -carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. genes - ANSWER DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission. chromosomes - ANSWER a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. nucleoid - ANSWER a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. diploid - ANSWER containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n) haploid - ANSWER an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n) gametes - ANSWER human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes homologous chromosomes - ANSWER matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism Chargaff's Rule - ANSWER A=T and C=G locus - ANSWER position of a gene on a chromosome Meselson and Stahl (1958) - ANSWER Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N All the DNA incorporated 15N Cells were switched to media containing lighter 14N DNA was extracted from the cells at various time intervals central dogma - ANSWER theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins translation - ANSWER decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain initiation of translation - ANSWER mRNA is attached to a subunit of the ribosome, the first codon is always AUG template strand - ANSWER the strand of DNA that specifies the complementary mRNA molecule nontemplate strand - ANSWER The un -transcribed partner of the template strand of DNA used in transcription. RNA polymerase - ANSWER enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template.The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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