Unit 14 - An introduction to organic chemistry (9701)
Summary
Summary organic chemistry most common questions AS Level CIE
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Course
Unit 14 - An introduction to organic chemistry (9701)
Institution
CIE
Summary of all reactions and mechanisms and conditions of organic chemistry. displayed in a simple way following the CIE mark scheme.
isomers and type of isomerism, bromine test, types of hybridisation.
nmr spectroscopy
color changes of solutions for organic tests
summary of some reactions an...
Unit 14 - An introduction to organic chemistry (9701)
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MOST COMMON ORGANIC QUESTIONS:
1. Test for double bond / alkene
Bromine water
Turn from brown to colourless in case of carbon double bonds (alkenes)
Type of reaction: electrophilic addition
2. Define stereoisomerism
Molecules with same structural formula
Same molecular formula
Different arrangements of atoms in space
3. Explain why X is the major product of the reaction while only small
amounts of Y is produced
N carbocation has the least number of H atoms bonded to it, it is more stable
Due to positive inductive effect
There are more electron donating methyl groups
Reducing charge density on C+
4. Types of reactions
Tollens Reagent: oxidation / reduction
2,4 DNPH: condensation
Ketone with NaBH4: reduction / addition
Aldehyde and HCN: addition
ALKENE + steam: addition
Alkene reactions are either electrophilic addition or redox, kmno4 reagent used
are redox and the rest of the alkene are electrophilic addition.
Halogenoalkane reactions are all nucleophilic substitution except to alkene
which is elimination reaction
5. Structural isomers
Same molecular formula but different structural formula/bond arrangement
(types- chain, positional, functional group isomerism)
6. How does an sp2 and sp3 hybridization occurs and their bond angles in
carbon atoms:
Sp2: overlap of 2 s with 2 p atomic orbitals: 116-124
Sp3: overlap of 2 s with all three 2 p atomic orbitals: 106-112
7. Identify the yellow pptx formed when adding alkaline aqueous iodine to a
carbonyl containing organic compound
CHI3 - tri iodomethane
8. Explain the meaning of the term optical isomers
Chiral centre attache to 4 different atoms or group of atom
Non super imposable mirror image
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