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NUR 2060. PHARM. Final Exam Review (3)
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NUR 2060. PHARM. Final Exam Review (3)
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NUR 2060. PHARM. Final Exam ReviewWhat is pharmacotherapeutics? - ANS-use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat
disease or prevent pregnancy.
What is pharmacokinetics? - ANS-how the drugs moves through the body (i.e.
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)
What is pharmacodynamics? - ANS-how the drug works in the body
What is selectivity? - ANS-only elicits response for which it is given, no side effects
What is affinity? - ANS-strength of attraction
What is half-life? - ANS-amount of time it takes for ½ of a drug to be out of system
What is an antagonist? - ANS-a substance that interferes with or inhibits the
physiological action of another
What is an agonist? - ANS-a substance that initiates a physiological response when
combined with a receptor
What is the minimal effective concentration? - ANS-reflects the minimum concentration
of drug at the receptor site to elicit the desired pharmacological response
What is the ceiling effect with drugs? - ANS-the phenomenon in which a drug reaches a
maximum effect, so that increasing the drug dosage does not increase its effectiveness
What is potency? - ANS-the power of something to influence or make an impression
What is efficacy? - ANS-the ability to produce a desired or intended result
What is intrinsic ability? - ANS-efficacy refers to the relative ability of a drug-receptor
complex to produce a maximum functional response
What is bioavailability? - ANS-portion or percent of an administered dose of drug that is
absorbed and able to cause effect. may be affected by all the factors that affect
absorption
,What patients are most susceptible to medication side effects and why? - ANS---Elderly:
due to decline in liver and kidney function
--Young: due to immature hepatic function
What is the difference between enteral and parenteral? - ANS---Enteral: via mouth
--Parenteral: via blood stream
What would low levels of albumin while taking a medication do in the body? - ANS-Low
levels of albumin would increase the level of that drug in the blood stream causing it to
have a more profound/harmful effect on the patient
What is important to know about pregnancy and drug administration? - ANS---pregnant
women have higher rates of metabolism and excretion so may need to give higher dose
--pregnant women also have slower GI motility
What is peptic ulcer disease? - ANS-upper GI disorders, degrees of erosion of the gut
wall; an imbalance between mucosal defenses and aggressive factors
What are the major antibiotics used for H.pylori? - ANS---amoxicillin (Amoxil)
--bismuth (Pepto bismol)
--metronidazole (Flagyl)
What is the action of histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)? - ANS-inhibits
gastric acid secretion
Give examples of histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers). - ANS-"-dine"
--cimetidine (Tagamet)
--ranitidine (Zantac)
--famotidie (Pepcid)
What is important to note as a nurse when giving histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2
blockers)? - ANS---avoid antacids 1 hour before giving H2 blocker
--increased bleeding
--risk of pneumonia
--no smoking, ETOH, or NSAID usage
--elevate head of bed
,What is the action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI's)? - ANS---suppress gastric acid
secretion (block enzyme needs dof R acid formation)
What are the uses for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI's)? - ANS---active peptic ulcer
disease
--GERD's
**prophylatic (not rescue)
--prevent NSAID induced ulcers
Give examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI's). - ANS-"-prazole"
--omeprazole (Prilosec)
--lansoprazole (Prevacid)
--pantoprazole (Protonix)
What are some nursing implications with giving Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI's)? -
ANS-**Prophylactic use only! (not a rescue)
--risks of fractures, PN, acid rebound and intestinal infections
--use for only 16 weeks
What are the uses of Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 blockers)? - ANS---prevent
NSAID induced ulcers
**both maintenance and rescue!
--decrease heart burn
--Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
What is the action of mucosal protectants? - ANS-adheres to surface and promotes
healing and prevents injury for up to 6 hours
What are the uses of mucosal protectants? - ANS---short term therapy
--prevention of stress ulcers
--relief of pain from oral and mucosal ulcers
What are the nursing implications of mucosal protectants? - ANS---may harden enteral
feedings
--constipation
--give on empty stomach
**contains aluminum (need to wait 30 minutes after giving anmucosal protectant to
given antacid)
, Give an example of a mucosal protectant. - ANS---sucralfate (Carafate)
What is the action of a prostaglandin? - ANS-inhibit gastric acid secretion and promotes
mucous production and vasodilation
Give an example of a prostaglandin drug. - ANS-misoprostol (Cytotec)
What are the uses for prostaglandin drugs? - ANS---prophylaxis of NSAID induced
ulcers
What is the key fact to know about the prostaglandin, misoprostol (Cytotec)? -
ANS-**DO NOT GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN! (pregnancy category X)
What is the action of antacids? - ANS---pain control and healing
--neutralizes gastric acid
-- does NOT absorb acid or coat stomach
What are the uses for antacids? - ANS---acid indigestion
--heartburn
--GERD's
--peptic ulcers
--hyperphosphatemia (in chronic renal failure
What are the contraindications with antacid usage? - ANS-patients with renal
dysfunction (except ones w/ aluminum)
Give examples of antacids. - ANS---calcium carbonate (Tums)
--magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
--aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
What is the drug of choice for an antacid? - ANS-magnesium hydroxide (Milk of
Magnesia)
--(often combined with aluminum (Amphojel) to decrease diarrhea)
Bulk-forming laxatives:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. psycillium (Metamucil)
2. action: absorbs water into fecal contents and expands bulk of stool
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