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NUR 2060. PHARM. Final Exam Review (2)
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NUR 2060. PHARM. Final Exam Review (2)
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NUR 2060. PHARM. Final Exam ReviewAfter receiving the influenza vaccine, when does protection begin? When do titers decline? -
ANS---begins 1-2 weeks
--decline as early as 4 months
Antidiarrheals:
1. agents? - ANS-1. bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)
loperamide (Imodium)
2.
Antiemetics- Phenothiazines:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. -prochlorperazine (Compazine)
-metoclopramide (Reglan)
2. block receptors in CTZ
3. may be toxic, acts centrally, caution with children for risk of respiratory depression
Antiemetics- Serotonin Receptor Antagonists:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. "-setron"
ondansetron (Zofran)
2. N/V
3. more effective when given w/ dexamethasone,
Antiemetics-for motion sickness:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. scopolamine (Transform Scop)
2. suppresses nerve stimulation in CNS
3. causes anticholinergic effects (can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit)
At what blood glucose level do you hold giving insulin? - ANS-<70mg/dL
Bulk-forming laxatives:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. psycillium (Metamucil)
2. action: absorbs water into fecal contents and expands bulk of stool
,3. **Must be administered with 8 oz of fluid to avoid esophageal obstruction
Chloride Channel activators:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. lubiprostone (Amitiza)
2. promotes secretion of chloride wash formula into bowel and enhances motility of small
intestine
3. pregnancy category C
Drugs for colitis, crohn's and IBD:
1. agents?
2. action?
3. nursing implications? - ANS-1. sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
2. decreases inflammation by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis
3. monitor CBC
Give an example of a broad spectrum penicillin? - ANS---amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Give an example of a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. - ANS---ezetimibe (Zetia)
--inhibits dietary cholesterol absorption
--especially good w/ decreasing cholesterol as adjunct to diet modification
--use w/ statin for even more effective lipid control (if high LDLs)
Give an example of a mucosal protectant. - ANS---sucralfate (Carafate)
Give an example of a nitrate. What is it used for? Action? ADRs? - ANS---i.e. nitroglycerin
--vasodilation
--antiplatelet & antithrombotic
--ADRs: *pounding HA, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, flushing warmth, **feel
sting= normal,*
--tolerance develops (provide 12 hr drug free interval)
--discontinue SLOWLY
--Interactions: w/ erectile dysfunction & chronic angina meds---> do NOT give nitro to pt on ED
medication!!!
Give an example of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin. - ANS---nafcillin (Unipen)
Give an example of a penicillinase-sensitive penicillin. - ANS---penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)
Give an example of a prostaglandin drug. - ANS-misoprostol (Cytotec)
Give drug example of a bile acid sequestrant. What are they used for? ADRs? Nursing
implications? - ANS---colesevelam (Welchol)
,--binds to bile in intestines
--used alone or combined w/ statin
--ADRs: GI (constipation, bloating, flatulence, nausea)
--Pt. Teaching: mix w/ flavored beverage, liquid form is thick & cloudy, take 1 hr BEFORE or 4-6
hrs AFTER other drugs to avoid interactions
--treat constipation w/ Metamucil
Give example of a fabric acid derivative. What is it used for? ADRs? Interactions? -
ANS---gemfibrozil (Lopid)
**BEST FOR DIABETICS
--lowers triglycerides (NOT LDLs!), increases HDLs
--ADRs: rashes, GI, gallstones, intolerance of fried foods
--Interactions: high risk of myositis (muscle inflammation) w/ Statins and warfarin is displaced by
gemfibrozil (increased anticoagulation)
Give example of thiazide diuretic. What is it used for? Action? ADR's? Nursing implications?
Interactions? - ANS---hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDiuril)
**preferred initial drug for primary HTN
--excretion of NaCl, H2O & K, act on distal tubule (inhibit Na reabsorption)
--decreases CO & blood volume; chronic decrease in PVR
--used for: HTN, HF, edema in renal disease, cirrhosis
**works best if urine output is >30mL/hr
--takes 1 month to see full effect
--increases effectiveness of other HTN meds
--ADRs: electrolyte disturbances, increased fasting glucose level, elevated BUN, hyperuricemia,
increased serum cholesterol, triglycerides & LDLs
--interactions with: digoxin, lithium, NSAIDS
--Pt. Teaching: take in AM with meal
Give examples of aminoglycosides. - ANS---gentamicin (Garamycin)
--tobramycin (Nebcin)
Give examples of an antipseudomonal penicillin that is beta-lactamase resistant? -
ANS---ticarcillin clavulanate (Timentin)
--piperacillin tazobactam (Zosyn)
Give examples of antacids. - ANS---calcium carbonate (Tums)
--magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
--aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
Give examples of beta lactase inhibitors (Penicillinases). - ANS---Clavulanic acid
--Sulbactam
Give examples of cephalosporins. - ANS---cephalexin (Keflex)--1st generation
, --ceftriaxone (Rocephin)--3rd generation
Give examples of histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers). - ANS-"-dine"
--cimetidine (Tagamet)
--ranitidine (Zantac)
--famotidie (Pepcid)
Give examples of intermediate duration insulins. Nursing implications for these - ANS---NPH
insulin (Humulin-N, Novolin-N)
--administer QD or BID ac
--CLOUDY; must ROLL to mix
*only longer duration insulin suitable for missing with short duration insulins
**MUST DOUBLE CHECK DOASGE WITH ANOTHER RN
Give examples of K+ sparing diuretic. What are the uses? Action? ADRs? -
ANS---spironolactone (Aldactone)
--used for: counteracting K loss with other diuretics, edema, HTN, usually not used alone,
doesn't cause pt. to urinate
--blocks aldosterone indirectly
--increase Na excretion and K absorption
--ADRs: hyperkalemia
--Pt. Teaching: avoid K rich foods, avoid salt substitutes, may take in AM or PM
Give examples of low molecular weight heparins. What are they used for? - ANS---enoxaparin
(Lovenox)
--dalteparin (Fragmin)
**1st LINE TX FOR DVT PREVENTION
--other uses: pregnancy, P. embolism, open heart, dialysis
--inactivate factor X
Give examples of osmotic diuretics. What are they used for? Action? ADRs? - ANS---mannitol
(Osmitrol)
--used for: relief of oliguria, increased ICP & IOP (acute angle glaucoma)
--causes an osmotic gradient resulting in H2O from extravascular to intravascular
--ADRs: edema, HA, N/V, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, can crystallize so must be warmed for
dissolution then cooled to body temp, hypokalemia, hypernatremia
Give examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI's). - ANS-"-prazole"
--omeprazole (Prilosec)
--lansoprazole (Prevacid)
--pantoprazole (Protonix)
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