Exam (elaborations)
NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) EXAM 1 (3)
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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) EXAM 1 (3)
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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology) EXAM 11 gm = ____gr (grain)? - ANS-1 gm = 15 gr
1 kg = ____lbs? - ANS-1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1 mg = ____mcg? - ANS-1 mg = 1,000 mcg
1 mL = _____ gtts? - ANS-1 mL = 15 gtts
1 oz = ____TBSP = ____cc or mL? - ANS-1 oz = 2TBSP = 30 cc or mL
1 TBSP = ______mL? - ANS-1 TBSP = 15 mL
1 tsp = _____mL? - ANS-1 tsp = 5 mL
Are drugs endogenous or exogenous? - ANS-exogenous
At what pH is pepsin suppressed? - ANS-pH>5
By what age are most organs approximate to maturity of adults? - ANS-1 year old
Describe absorption through IM injection in neonates/infants... - ANS-IM absorption is slow and
erratic
Describe effects to blood brain barrier with giving drugs to neonate/infants... - ANS-immature
CNS which increases susceptibility to drugs in the CNS
Describe fat soluble and water soluble drug distribution in geriatric patients... - ANS--fat soluble
drugs= long residual effects(?)
-water soluble drugs= higher concentration due to low total body water
Describe metabolism and excretion of drugs in neonate/infants... - ANS-metabolism and
excretion is low so dosages are lower
Describe protein binding with giving drugs to neonate/infants... - ANS-1. albumin levels are
lower in neonates/infants
2. endogenous compounds (i.e. fatty acids, bilirubin) compete with drugs for available binding
sites
(increased free drugs in blood)
,Describe transdermal absorption in neonates/infants... - ANS-Transdermal is rapid and
complete (toxicity risk)
Discuss Antiemetics that help with motion sickness. - ANS-i.e.
-*scopolamine (Transdermal Scop)
-dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
-meclizine (Antivert)
-it suppress nerve stimulation in the CNS
-anticholinergic side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, constipation, and urinary
retention (in older men)
Discuss GI absorption in neonates/infants... - ANS--may be increased or decreased
-Gastric emptying prolonged and gastric ph is very low which leads to increased absorption of
some (stomach, acid labile) -decreased of others (intestine)
Discuss non amphetamines. - ANS--suppress appetite by increasing norepinephrine in the brain
-ADR's: increased alertness, decreased fatigue, increased nervousness, insomnia, tachycardia,
hypertension, angina
i.e.
-diethylporpion (Adipex-P)
-phentermine (Lonamin)
Discuss orlistat (Xenical, Alli). - ANS--facilitates weight loss
-decreases absorption of fat by blocking enzymes used to break down fat
-must use low fat diet and supplement with fat soluble vitamins
-if patient eats fats, will have diarrhea, greasy poop, and increased flatulence
Discuss sibutramine. - ANS--sibutramine (Meridia)
-for BMI>=30
-increased serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in brain
-is an appetite suppresant
-withdrawn in 2010 due to cardiovascular, non fatal, risks
Drugs mimic endogenous or exogenous actions? - ANS-endogenous actions
Give an example of a Osmotic/Saline Laxative. - ANS--*magnesium hydroxide (Milk of
Magnesia
-lactulose (Cephulac)
-polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
-*polyethylene glycol-electrolyte (Golytely, Half-Lytely)
-sodium phosphate (Phospho-soda Fleet)
, Give example(s) of Antisecretory Agents. - ANS-misoprostol (Cytotec)
Give examples of Antidiarrheals. - ANS--*bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
-*difenoxin/atropine (Motofen)
-*diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)
-*loperaminde (Imodium)
-activated charcoal
-kaolin (Kaopectolin)
Give examples of Bulk-Forming Laxtives. - ANS--*psycillium (Metamucil, Konsyl, Fiberal)
-polycarbophil (Fibercon)
Give examples of Phenothiazine Antiemetics drugs. - ANS--promethazine (Phenergan)
-*prochlorperazine (Compazine)
-*metoclopramide (Reglan)
-Droperidol (or Haldol)
Give examples of Serotonin Receptor Antagonists Antiemetic drugs. - ANS-**((end in -setron))**
i.e.
-*ondansetron (Zofran)
-granisetron (Granisol, Kytril, Sancuso)
-dolsetron (Anzemet)
-palonosetron (Aloxi)
Give examples of Surfactant Laxatives. - ANS--*docusate sodium (Colace)
-docusate calcium (Surfak)
Give medication example(s) of a Mucosal Protectant. - ANS-sucralfate (Carafate)
Give medication examples of Antacids. - ANS--calciumcarbonate (Tums)
-magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia
-aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)
**don't allow/recommend patients to ingest baking soda; it can cause electrolyte imbalances
Give medication examples of Histamine 2 Antagonists. - ANS-**((End in -dine))**
i.e.
-cimetidine (Tagamet)
-ranitidine (Zantac)
-famotidine (Pepcid)
-nizatidine (Axid)
Give medication examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors. - ANS-**((end in -prazole))**
i.e.
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