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Antibiotics for Pharmacology NUR 2060 (1)
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Antibiotics for Pharmacology NUR 2060 (1)
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Antibiotics for Pharmacology NUR 2060penicillin - ANS-beta lactam ring; (bactericidal) weaken bacterial cell wall and cause bacteria to
take up exc. water and rupture
penicillinase (beta-lactamases) - ANS-enzymes that render penicillin inactive
Clavulanic acid, sulbactam - ANS-beta lactamase inhibitors; usually combined with penicillin
penicillin G - ANS-ADR: cross sensitive to cephalosporins
unipen - ANS-penicillinase-resistance penicillins
amoxicillin - ANS-broad spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins)
ADR: rash, diarrhea
Timentin, Zosyn - ANS-extended spectrum penicillin (antipseudomonal penicillins)
resists beta-lactamase
all penicillin ADRs - ANS-anaphylaxis (laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, hypotension),
diarrhea (c. diff/tx - vancomycin), rash
penicillin interactions - ANS-Probenecid increases penicillin levels bc inhibits renal excretion
Do not mix with aminoglycosides
Dec efficacy of oral contraceptives
examples of cephalosporins and description - ANS-Keflex (1st gen), Rocephin (3rd gen.)
beta lactam Abx, bactericidal
ADRs of Cephalosporins - ANS-allergy, bleeding, thrombophlebitis
Cephalosporins generations - ANS-Move up in gen. = inc activity against gm (-) bac
2nd gen - inc resistance against beta-lactamase
3rd/4th gen - able to reach CSF
5th gen - activity against MRSA
cephalosporins adverse effects - ANS-cross-sensitive to penicillin
c diff diarrhea
inc bleeding (give vitamin K)
Rocephin ADRs - ANS-only cephalosporin majority eliminated by liver
NSAID /anticoagulants/antiplatelet interaction
, never mix IV w/ Ca or Ca diluents (ex. Ringer's Lactate)
example of Carbapenems and description - ANS-Primaxin; beta lactam Abx; broad spectrum
Primaxin ADR - ANS-renal failure caution
cross sensitive to penicillin and cephalosporins
Vancomycin's action and uses - ANS-cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)
used for severe infections
Vancomycin ADRs - ANS-ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis, allergy
tetracyline action - ANS-inhibits protein synthesis
bacteriostatic
broad spectrum
Tetracycline adverse effects - ANS-GI Sx
superinfection
hepatoxicity
photosensitive
renal toxcitiy
tetracycline precautions - ANS-chelating agents (milk, Ca, antacids) dec absorption; give meds
1hr before or 2hr after chelating agents
not for kids or pregnant women because brown discoloration of teeth
example of macrolide - ANS-Azithromycin
azithromycin action - ANS-inhibits protein synthesis
broad spectrum
use if allergic to penicillin
DOC for pertussis
Azythromycin ADRs - ANS-GI distress
hepatoxicity
hypersensitive
NI: run IV slowly to avoid phlebitis and/or ototoxicity
cardiac caution in high doses
clindamycin action - ANS-inhibits protein synthesis
Clindamycin adverse effects - ANS-c diff diarrhea
only used for certain anaerobic infection outside CNS
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