Final Exam Review Nurs 548 Advanced Pathophysiology Name the characteristics of acute Rhinosinusitis 1. facial pain 2. headache 3. purulent nasal discharge 4. decreased sense of smell 5. fever Name the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis homins 1. Aerobic 2. Have a protective waxy capsule 3. Can stay alive in "suspended animation" for years Miliary TB Minute lesions, resembling millet seeds, resulting from tuberculosis eroding into the blood vessel, disseminating the area affecting almost any organ, particularly the brain, meninges, liver, kidney, and bone marrow. Meat inspection and milk Pasteurization were introduced to protect the food supply. Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Which of the following statements concerning Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome is incorrect?) 1. Lack of surfactant; infants are not strong enough to inflate their alveoli 2. Protein -rich fluid leaks into the alveoli and further blocks oxygen uptake 3. Treatment with mechanical ventilation may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic respiratory insufficiency Atelectasis Incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung ( eg due to pleural effusion) Pneumothorax 1. air enters the pleural cavity 2. Air takes up space, restricting lung expansion 3. Partial or complete collapse of the affected lung Spontaneous Pneumothorax An air -filled blister on the lung that ruptures Traumatic Pneumothorax - Open Air enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation and leaves on exhalation Traumatic Tension Pneumothorax Air enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation but cannot leave on exhalation Name the causes of Intrinsic (Nonatopic) Asthma 1. Respiratory Infections - epithelial damage, IgE production 2. Exercise, hyperventilation, cold air - loss of heat and water may cause bronchospasm 3. Inhaled Irritants - inflammation, vagal reflex 4. Aspirin and other NSAIDS - abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism Characteristics of Bronchiectasis in COPD Infection and inflammation destroy smooth muscle in airways, causing permanent dilation A manifestation of chronic bronchitis (Blue Bloaters) not typically seen in this type of patient Cannot increase respiration enough to maintain oxygen levels Cyanosis and polycythemia Cor Pulmonale ( RHF due to high BP in the lungs due to chronic lung disease)
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