cellular respiration process by which living organisms obtain energy in the form of ATP C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
stages of cellular respiration >glycolysis >citric acid cycle >oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)
cytosol where cellular respiration begins
mitochondrion where cellul...
Bio 1023 Exam 4 Questions and Correct Answers cellular respiration ✅process by which living organisms obtain energy in the form of ATP C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP stages of cellular respiration ✅>glycolysis >citric acid cycle >oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) cytosol ✅where cellular respiration begins mitochondrion ✅where cellular respiration ends glycolysis ✅>breakdown of C6 glucose molecule into 2 3 -C Pyruvate molecules >occurs in cytosol >occurs w/ or w/out oxygen >yields 2 ATP and 2 NADH Citric Acid Cycle ✅>aka Krebs Cycle >2 Pyruvates enter mitochondrion >organic molecules regenerated >releases 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FAD(H2) for each glucose oxidative phosphorylation ✅>aka electron transport chain >where ATP is formed >high energy electrons donated from NADH and FADH2 >enough energy to make 30 -40 ATP anaerobic respiration ✅>respiration w/out Oxygen >produces less ATP; ATP made w/ glycolysis only >ex. muscles and yeast biofuels ✅ex. bioethanol and biodiesel made by fermenting sugars and starches can be used as fuel & gasoline additive to improve gas emissions biodiesel ✅made from veggie oil, fats, or greases also used as an additive to cut down on harmful emissions drawbacks to biofuels ✅production of crops is costly causes food production increase cannot efficiently get sugars through cellulose environmental change - temperature ✅>most important factor in distribution of organisms >low temp freezes organisms or inability to regulate body temp >high temp denatures proteins environmental change - Greenhouse Effect ✅>solar radiation passes through atmosphere to heat Earth >energy radiated from Earth back into atmosphere environmental change ✅climate zones may shift due to global warming, causing extinction water availability directly affects life allele ✅different form of a gene at a given location 2 types: homozygous and heterozygous homozygous allele ✅alleles of the same form ex: BB or bb heterozygous allele ✅alleles of different forms ex: Bb Gregor Mendel ✅conducted plant breeding experiments with pea plants discovered the Laws of Inheritance genotype ✅the actual alleles present at a given gene locus genetic composition of individual phenotype ✅the observable trait produced by the genotype characteristics that are the result of gene expression sex-linked genes ✅found on one sex chromosome but not the other ex: genes found on the X (but not the Y) are X -linked genes (such as hemophilia) biological evolution ✅heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population from generation to generation 2 types: microevolution (small scale - single gene) and macroevolution (large scale -new species) Charles Darwin ✅British naturalist studied Galapagos Islands finches noted differences with specialized feeding traits formulated theory of evolution
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
