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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology)- Biopsychosocial lect - EXAM 1 CONTENT Questions with correct Answers, 100% verified , Graded A+ latest update 2024 with complete solution
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NUR 2060 (Pharmacology)- Biopsychosocial lect - EXAM 1 CONTENT Questions with correct Answers, 100% verified , Graded A+ latest update 2024 with complete solution

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  • July 24, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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NUR
2060
(Pharmacology)-
Biopsychosocial
lect
-
EXAM
1
CONTENT
Patient/Family
Teaching
-
ANS--Drug
name(s)
&
therapeutic
category
-Dose
-Schedule
(chart
may
help)
-Route
&
technique
of
administration
-Expected
therapeutic
response
&
when
it
should
develop
-Nondrug
measures
to
enhance
therapeutic
effect
Patient/Family
Teaching
(con't)
-
ANS--Duration
of
Tx
-Method
of
drug
storage
-Symptoms
of
major
ADRs
&
measures
to
minimize
discomfort
&
harm
-Major
drug-drug
&
drug-food
interactions
-Who
to
contact
when:
therapeutic
failure,
severe
ADRs,
severe
adverse
interactions
What
is
the
purpose
of
a
risk
management
program?
-
ANS-it's
designed
to
detect,
evaluate,
prevent
and
mitigate
adverse
drug
events
(for
drugs
with
the
potential
for
serious
ADRs)
FDA
early
attempts
at
Risk
Management
-
ANS-earlier
attempts
included:
-use
of
patient
package
inserts
-med
guides
-restricted
access
programs
-classification
of
drugs
as
controlled
substances
Risk
Minimization
Action
Plans
(RiskMAPS)
in
2005
-
ANS-FDA
only
had
the
authority
to
mandate
postmarketing
"commitments"
from
drug
manufacturers
before
the
drug
was
approves;
"could
not
be
enforced"
after
the
drug
was
approved
Food
and
Drug
Administration
Amendments
Act
(2007)
-
ANS-gave
the
FDA
authority
to
subject
drugs
to
new
risk
identification
and
communication
strategies,
called
Risk
Evaluation
and
Mitigation
Strategies
(REMS),
in
the
postmarketing
period
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
Risk
Evaluation
and
Mitigation
Strategies
(REMS)?
-
ANS-to
minimize
drug
induced
harm
(benefits
outweigh
the
potential
harm);
this
act
allowed
the
FDA
authority
to
subject
drugs
to
new
risk
identification
and
communication
strategies
in
post
marketing
period
What
are
components
of
REMS?
-
ANS--medication
guide
-patient
packet
insert
-communication
plan -elements
to
ensure
safe
use
more:
-laboratory
test
results
(safe-use
conditions)
-patients
are
monitored
-enrolled
in
a
registry
-those
who
dispense
the
drug
are
certified/trained
-drug
is
dispensed
to
Pts
only
in
certain
health
care
settings
AND
to
those
with
evidence
showing
requirements
met
for
drug
use
What
physiological
changes
in
pregnancy
that
impact
drug
dosing?
-
ANS-1.
increased
kidney
clearance
(clear
drug
faster)
2.
increased
liver
metabolism
(clear
drug
faster)
3.
decreased
GI
tone/peristalsis
(clear
drug
slower)
T
or
F:
All
drugs
cross
the
placenta>?
-
ANS-T
Must
always
assume
that
all
or
some
of
the
drug
crosses
the
placenta
What
type
of
drugs
have
an
easier
time
crossing
the
placenta?
-
ANS-lipid
soluble
What
type
of
drugs
have
a
difficult
time
crossing
the
placenta?
-
ANS-ionized,
highly
polar,
or
protein-bound
drugs
ADRs
during
pregnancy
-
ANS--Teratogenesis/birth
defects
-uterine
stimulation
(prostaglandins)
-uterine
suppression
(aspirin
late)
-drug-dependent
infant
(wean)
-respiratory
neonate
suppression
(CNS
meds)
Teratogens
(Birth
Defects)
-
ANS-Identification
of
___________:
-may
be
proven/unproven
-every
exposure
does
not
result
in
defect
-risk
of
malformation
from
this
is
10%
(LOW)
characteristics:
-cause
malformations
-acts
in
a
specific
time
frame
-causes
an
increase
in
malformations
related
to
DOSAGES
and
EXPOSURE
What
are
the
stages
of
fetal
development?
-
ANS-1.
Preimplantation/presomite
(conception-2
weeks)
2.
Embryonic
(week
3-
week
8)
3.
Fetal
(week
9-term)
Embryonic
period
(week
3-week
8)
-
ANS-Stage
of
fetal
development
where: -increased
risk
for
gross
malformation
Fetal
period
(week
9-term)
-
ANS-Stage
of
fetal
development
where:
-increased
risk
for
behavioral
&
developmental
effects
Why
are
NSAID's
contraindicated
in
late
pregnancy?
-
ANS-NSAID's
are
uterine
suppressions
What
adverse
reaction
do
prostaglandins
affect
on
a
pregnant
women?
-
ANS-uterine
stimulation
(contraction)
The
effect
of
a
teratogen
is
highly
dependent
on
what?
-
ANS-when
the
drug
was
giving
during
the
pregnancy
Which
stage
of
fetal
development
is
most
fragile
to
damages
from
teratogens?
-
ANS-embryonic
What
type
of
defects
occur
to
a
fetus
if
a
teratogen
is
given
during
the
fetal
stage?
-
ANS-behavioral
and
developmental
defects
What
are
the
pregnancy
categories
of
drugs?
-
ANS-A,
B,
C,
D,
&
X.
(A
being
the
least
hurtful,
and
X
contraindicated)
What
is
the
safest
advice
to
give
to
breastfeeding
mothers
who
take
medications?
-
ANS-it's
best
to
take
medication
after
breastfeeding
(there
is
little
research
on
drug
effects
during)
Why
are
children
more
sensitive
to
medication
than
adults?
-
ANS-immature
organ
system
Discuss
GI
absorption
in
neonates/infants...
-
ANS--may
be
increased
or
decreased
-Gastric
emptying
prolonged
and
gastric
ph
is
very
low
which
leads
to
increased
absorption
of
some
(stomach,
acid
labile)
-decreased
of
others
(intestine)
-absorption
is
erratic
(unpredictable)
Describe
transdermal
absorption
in
neonates/infants...
-
ANS-Transdermal
is
rapid
and
complete
(toxicity
risk)
Describe
protein
binding
with
giving
drugs
to
neonate/infants...
-
ANS-1.
albumin
levels
are
lower
in
neonates/infants
2.
endogenous
compounds
(i.e.
fatty
acids,
bilirubin)
compete
with
drugs
for
available
binding
sites
(increased
free
drugs
in
blood)

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