Exam (elaborations)
PCOL 838b Exam 1
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Exam of 5 pages for the course NR 667 VISE at NR 667 VISE (PCOL 838b Exam 1)
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PCOL 838b Exam 1AIDS - ANS-CD4 could <200
airway remodeling - ANS-permanent structural changes in airway membrane (thicker), mucous
build up, inflammation, narrowing of airway, and muscle constriction
anti-cholinergics - ANS-block nerve signal that causes bronchoconstriction
ex: ipratropium
antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity - ANS-targets cell for destruction by natural killer (NK)
cells (NK cells have antibody receptors)
antithrombin (AT) - ANS-degrades prothrombin
target of heparin (AT + heparin inhibits prothrombin 2000x)
asthma (obstructive lung disease) - ANS-airway inflammation
key diagnosis: bronchial hyperresponsiveness
beta-2-adrenergic agonists - ANS-cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ex: albuterol
Blast crisis (chronic myeloid leukemia) - ANS-translocation between chr 9 and 22 causes
bar-abl fusion
results in potent kinase that transforms stem cells
cell-mediated immunity - ANS-type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected or
abnormal body cells
chemokine receptors - ANS-GPCRs
chromones - ANS-stabilize mast cell to prevent granule release
ex: sodium chromoglycate
chronic bronchitis - ANS-hyper secretion of upper airways
productive cough
classical complement pathway - ANS-1. IgG and C1 interact to cleave C4 into C4b/C4a and C2
into C2a/C2b
2. C4b and C2b form C3 convertase
3. C3 convertase cleaved into C3b and C3a
4. Covalent binding of C3b to microbe to form C5 convertase
coagulation cascade: amplification - ANS-thrombin activates factors V, VIII, and XI
, coagulation cascade: initiation - ANS-Xa and Va catalyze conversion of prothrombin (II) to
thrombin (IIa)
coagulation cascade: propagation - ANS-formation of tenase
tenase activates X
Xa and Va activate prothrombinase
prothrombinase activates prothrombin
thrombin activates fibrinogen (I) to fibrin (Ia)
XIIIa stimulates cross-linking of fibrin
compliance - ANS-how stiff the lung is
C = V/P
corticosteroid - ANS-repress cytokine expression
ex: fluticasone
cytokine IL-2, IL-15, IL-4 receptors - ANS-share one common gamma chain
DiGeorge's Syndrome - ANS-lack fully functional thymus
decrease in T cells
emphysema - ANS-increase in alveoli size
dyspnea and hypoxia
ferritin - ANS-iron storage protein (iron + apoferritin)
FEV1 - ANS-forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FEV1/FVC - ANS-patients with obstructive lung disease = lower
patients with restrictive lung disease = higher
FVC (forced vital capacity) - ANS-amount of air forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration
gout - ANS-non-hypersensitivity inflammatory rheumatic disease
precipitation of uric crystals
hematocrit - ANS-percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
normal: ~40%
hematopoesis - ANS-production of blood cells and platelets which occurs in the bone marrow
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