Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics: Pearson International Edition
A compact summary of the course content & all relevant formulas with explanations. Includes chapters 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 for the first exam of this course. TU Delft, BSc Aerospace Engineering Year 1, Q4.
Based on book Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Giancoli 4th Edition.
Physics II: Waves and Electromagnetism
Summary based on Giancoli 4th Edition
Eric Tüschenbönner
May 2019
List of constants
Symbol Value Unit
Permittivity of free space 0 8.85 × 10−12 C 2 /N m2
Elementary charge e 1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron rest mass me 9.11 × 10−31 kg
1
, Chapter 21: Electric Charge and Electric Field
Coulomb’s law
The electric force F acting between two point charges is given by:
1 Qq
F = (1)
4π0 r2
It is proportional to the distance r squared. Moreover, the direction of the force depends on the
sign of the charges - i.e. whether they are both positive/negative or distinct.
Electric field
The electric field E at any point in space is defined as the electric force per unit charge.
~
~ =F
E (2)
q
The electric field at a distance r from a point charge is given by:
1 Q
E= (3)
4π0 r2
It only depends on the charge which generates the electric field, not on the test charge.
For specific geometries:
1
• Point charge: E ∝ r2
1
• Infinite line of charge: E ∝ r
• Infinite plane of charge: E independent of r
The following variables are often used to indicate geometric charge distributions:
• λ [C/m]: charge per unit length
• σ [C/m2 ]: charge per unit area
• ρ [C/m3 ]: charge per unit volume
Continuous charge distributions
The electric potential of geometric charge distributions can be found by integration. The process
always starts of with the following formula:
Z
1 dQ
E= (4)
4π0 r2
Long line of charge
1 λ
E= (5)
2π0 x
2
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