WX 201 Final ERAU Exam Questions With Solutions 100% Correct The Atmosphere aerosol (a.k.a. particulates) rain, drizzle, fog, snow, ice crystals, cloud droplets Permanent gas Nitrogen [N2]=78% Oxygen [02]=21% Others (Ar, Ne, He, Kr, H)=1% Variable gas [H2O] -0 to 4% (highly variable) -Most abundant variable gas• [CO2] -0.039% and rising [O3] -Highly variable, reactive gas -Upper atmosphere: protects life from UV light -Occurs naturally, absorbs harmful ultraviolet light from sun WX 201 Final ERAU Exam Questions With Solutions 100% Correct Greenhouse gases H2O, CO2, CH4, absorb infrared radiation emitted by the earth •Re-radiate some of the infrared radiation back down Ideal Gas Law P=DT Celsius calculation C= 5/9 (F - 32) Density Density decreases w/ height Standard pressure -14.7 lbs./in2 -29.92" Hg -1013 hPa Layers of the atmosphere Thermo(85k -100k) Meso(50k -85k) Strato(12k -50k) WX 201 Final ERAU Exam Questions With Solutions 100% Correct Tropo(0 -12k) Troposphere •Between surface & about 36,000' (11 km) -Where weather occurs (and most of the aviation takes place) -Pressure ranges between 200 to 1030 mb •Decreasing temperature with height -Heated from below because the ground absorbs more of the sun's rays than air •Has vertical air currents and turbulence -Hazardous to aviators Stratosphere •Between ~ 36,000 and 160,000 '(11 -50 km) -Pressures range from about 1 to 200 mb -Temperature increases with height in the stratosphere due to the absorption of UV radiation by ozone WX 201 Final ERAU Exam Questions With Solutions 100% Correct Tropopause •Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere •Altitude varies with latitude & with season •Where and when is it highest & coldest? Summer in Tropical regions •Lowest & warmest? Winter in Polar regions •Location of lowest temp and max wind (near jet stream) •Thunderstorm tops and high clouds extend to the tropopause Wind w/ height •Wind speed generally increases with height •Wind speeds near tropopause 50 -200 kt •Maximum wind speed at tropopause •Strongest wind shear just above & below tropopause Isothermal layer -A layer having constant temperature Heat transfer mechanisms Radiation -Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (light) -Can occur across empty space •Conduction -Transfer of heat from one molecule to another
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