FNP - NU 621 Advanced Pathophysiology - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide 2024.

FNP – NU 621 Advanced Pathophysiology COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM GUIDE 2024 1. Which of the following best describes homeostasis? a) The biological state of being static b) The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions c) A condition that cannot adapt to environmental changes d) A temporary state of equilibrium Answer : b) The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions Rationale : Homeostasis refers to the body's regulation of its internal environment to maintain stability in response to changes. 2. In which condition is the renin -angiotens in-aldosterone system primarily activated? a) Hyperkalemia b) Hypertension c) Hypovolemia d) Diabetes Mellitus Answer : c) Hypovolemia Rationale : This system is activated to increase blood volume and pressure when low blood volume (hypovolemia) is detected. 3. Which of the following is a primary feature of autoimmune diseases? a) The immune system attacks healthy cells of the body b) A deficiency of T -cells c) The patient has increased immune tolerance d) All autoimmune diseases are genetic Answer : a) The immune system attacks healthy cells of the body Rationale : Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. 4. Which neurotransmitt er is primarily associated with mood regulation? a) Acetylcholine b) Serotonin c) Dopamine d) Norepinephrine Answer : b) Serotonin Rationale : Serotonin plays a key role in mood regulation and is often targeted by antidepressant medications. 5. What is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus? a) Increased insulin resistance b) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells c) Elevated levels of glucagon