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PLTW Biomedical Science Midterm (1)
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PLTW Biomedical Science Midterm (1)
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PLTW Biomedical Science MidtermGlucagon - ANS-raises blood sugar levels; antagonistic to insulin
Glucose Tolerance Test - ANS-tests the body's ability to metabolize glucose when a dose of
glucose is taken into the stomach. Then the glucose level is determined and detects diabetes.
Homeostasis - ANS-maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions
Hormone - ANS-a product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a stimulating
effect on cells
Insulin - ANS-protein hormone secreted by pancreas that is essential for the breakdown of
glucose in the blood
Negative Feedback - ANS-homeostasis; a variable that fluctuates the initial (balance)
Positive Feedback - ANS-feedback that increases its output
Type 1 Diabetes - ANS-diabetes that develops during childhood and doesn't have enough
insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - ANS-diabetes that develops in adults and often in obese individuals; the body
is unable to cooperate with the insulin on the glucose
ATP - ANS-supplies energy for cellular processes
Dehydration synthesis - ANS-water is used to break apart 2 molecules
Ionic Bond - ANS-bond where there is an attraction between opposite charged atoms
A young patient has an increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). The doctors tell the
patient that their pancreas is not functioning properly. This patient most likely has
______________. - ANS-Type 1 Diabetes
What is negative feedback? - ANS-A response to a change in the body that counteracts or
opposes the initial change.
What is positive feedback? - ANS-Feedback that increases the output of a process.
What is an example of positive feedback? - ANS-Blood clotting. The initial clotting triggers the
formation of more clots.
, What is an example of negative feedback? - ANS-Insulin response to high blood sugar. If blood
sugar rises, insulin is released to lower blood sugar.
An out of shape, overweight adult is told that they have developed diabetes. The patient most
likely has ______________. - ANS-Type 2 diabetes.
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce ______________. - ANS-Insulin
What explains the high blood sugar that results from Type 2 diabetes? - ANS-The pancreas
makes insulin, but it is not used effectively by the cell.
A protein hormone released by the pancreas used to control blood glucose levels. -
ANS-Insulin.
What is homeostasis? - ANS-The maintenance of stable physiological conditions (such as body
temperature) under changing environmental conditions.
What is the effect of a lack of insulin or insulin that does not work properly in the body? -
ANS-Blood sugar (glucose) levels build up.
Type 2 diabetes - ANS-Graph of Glucose Tolerance Test results
Type 1 diabetes - ANS-Graph of Insulin Concentration Test results
What are the units of food energy? - ANS-Calories
How are atoms held together? - ANS-Bonds from between outer shell electrons of atoms.
Where is the energy from food obtained? - ANS-Energy stored in bonds is released when bonds
are broken during digestion.
List the four macromolecules. - ANS-Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Which atoms make up lipids and carbohydrates? - ANS-C, H, O
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? - ANS-A monomer is a single
molecule that is a sub-unit of a polymer. A polymer results when monomers join together.
Is a lipid a polymer? - ANS-No, lipids are not made of sub-units joined together.
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