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Study Guide For Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology: The Biological Basis For Disease In Adults And Children 9th Edition 2024
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MCCANCE AND HUETHER’S, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: THE BIOLOGIC
BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN, 9TH EDITION
LATEST 2024 A+
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM 2O2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome
for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
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RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out of
the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or
electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzymes
that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium
(K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+),
below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human
diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
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