B260 Adaptive Quiz Immobility, Immobility and the Nursing process, and Nursing Skills - Moving and Positioning A 60 -year-old female patient sustained a femur fracture due to a fall in the bathroom. The patient complains of severe pain and expresses that she di d not expect a fracture as the fall was not very severe. The nurse tells the patient that fracture is common for people her age. Which condition should the nurse cite as the most common cause of fracture in postmenopausal patients? 1. Osteosarcoma 2. Oste oclastoma 3. Osteomyelitis 4. Osteoporosis hhCorrect Answers hh4. Osteoporosis In a postmenopausal patient, osteoporotic changes in the bone increase the risk of fractures. Impaired calcium metabolism causes bone resorption, making it less dense. Bones affe cted by resorption are fragile and more susceptible to fractures. Osteosarcoma and osteoclastoma are bone tumors. Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. Which is a common debilitating contracture? 1. Disuse 2. Atrophy 3. Footdrop 4. Shortening of the muscle hhCorrect Answers hh3. Footdrop Footdrop is a common and debilitating contracture in which the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion. Disuse, atrophy, and shortening of muscle fibers are the causes of joint contractures. Which postural abnormality indicates an exaggeration of the anterior convex curve of the lumbar spine? 1. Lordosis 2. Kyphosis 3. Scoliosis 4. Torticollis hhCorrect Answers hh1. Lordosis Lordosis is a postural abnormality that involves an exaggeration of the anterior convex curve of the lumbar spine. Kyphosis is the increased convexity in the curvature of thoracic spine. Scoliosis is a lateral S - or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation and unequal heights of hips and shoulders. Torticollis involve s inclination of the head to the affected side and contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. What are the functions of the skeletal system? Select all that apply. 1. Provide support 2. Regulate calcium 3. Regulate posture 4. Contribute balance 5. Pr otect vital organs hhCorrect Answers hh1. Provide support 2. Regulate calcium 5. Protect vital organs The functions of the skeletal system include providing joint flexibility and support, regulating calcium, and protecting vital organs. The nervous system r egulates movement and posture. Body alignment contributes to balance of the body. The nurse is caring for a patient who is immobile. Which cardiovascular changes does the nurse expect to observe in the patient? Select all that apply. 1. Thrombus formatio n 2. Orthostatic hypotension 3. Increased cardiac output 4. Increased cardiac workload 5. Increased circulating fluid volume hhCorrect Answers hh1. Thrombus formation 2. Orthostatic hypotension 4. Increased cardiac workload Immobilization affects the cardiovascular system, frequently causing thrombus formation, increased cardiac workload, and orthostatic hypotension. As immobilization increases, cardiac output falls, further decreasing cardiac efficiency and increasing worklo ad. In the immobilized patient, decreased circulating fluid volume and pooling of blood in the lower extremities occurs. A patient complains of limited mobility. While assessing the past medical history of the patient, the nurse finds that the patient und erwent surgery for a hip fracture. Which reason does the nurse suspect is responsible for the patient's condition? Select all that apply. 1. The patient has contractures. 2. The patient has ligament tears. 3. The patient has a history of arthritis. 4. The patient has connective tissue disorders. 5. The patient has decreased synovial fluid in the joint. hhCorrect Answers hh1. The patient has contractures. 5. The patient has decreased synovial fluid in the joint. Range of motion is limited in patients with li mited nerve supply. Range of motion may be limited in patients with arthritis due to severe pain. Decreased synovial fluid in the joints also leads to decreased range of motion. If the patient has a ligament tear, it may lead to increased range of motion b eyond normal. If the patient has a connective tissue disorder, the patient may have increased range of motion. The nurse assesses a patient's condition and suspects that the patient has footdrop. Which assessment finding supports the nurse's suspicion? 1. Internal rotation of entire foot 2. Both the legs bent outward at knee 3. The foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion 4. Legs curved inward, so knees come together as person walks hhCorrect Answers hh3. The foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion Footdrop is the leg contracture in which the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion, and the patient is unable to lift the toes off the ground. Internal rotation of the entire foot is a postural abnormality called pigeon toes. Bowleg is a condition in which
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