Define Sterilization process that destroys 100% of microbes on non-living surfaces (including endospores)
Define disinfection process used to destroy most, but not all, microbes on non-living surfaces (does not kill bacterial endospores)
Define disinfectant physical or chemical agent used to kill...
Unit 2 BIO 205 Test Questions and Correct Answers Define Sterilization ✅process that destroys 100% of microbes on non -living surfaces (including endospores) Define disinfection ✅process used to destroy most, but not all, microbes on non -living surfaces (does not kill bacterial endospores) Define disinfectant ✅physical or chemical agent used to kill microbes on non -living surfaces Define antiseptic ✅used on living tissue to reduce risk of infection or sepsis Define sanitation ✅physical removal of microbes by cleaning (soaps & detergents) Define cidal ✅means "to kill" (bactericidal, fungicidal, germicidal) Define static ✅-agents that stop the growth of microbes (bacteriostatic) -(ex: storing medications in the fridge) - does not kill microbes, only slows metabolism & reproduction List the microbes in order from most resistant (hard to kill) to least resistant (easy to kill) ✅1) Bacterial endospores 2) Mycobacteria (AFB) 3) Gram - bacteria 4) Fungi 5) Nonenveloped viruses 6) Gram + bacteria 7) Enveloped viruses Aseptic technique? ✅simple, consistent, and effective approach to infection control Factors that affect microbial control? ✅1) times of exposure (endospores require more time to kill) 2) amount of microbe (microbial load) 3) resistance of microbe to treatment (endospores have 3 protective layers) 4) type of method (cidal vs static) Types of dry heat? ✅1) Direct flame (incineration) - sterilizes - time/temp required: 5 secs, 815 degrees C 2) Dry heat (hot air oven) - sterilizes - time/temp require: 2 hrs @ 160 degrees C Types of moist heat (uses steam to penetrate cells)? Do they sterilize? ✅1) autoclaving (pressure chamber) - sterilizes - 121 degrees C, 15 min, 15 psi (pressure) 2) boiling - kills most microbes, but spore -formers require longer times - 100 degrees C for 10 min 3) Pasteurization - heat method used to treat liquids (milk, juices) - only disinfects - not sterilize - holding method: 63 degree C for 30 mins - flash method: 72 degree C for 15 secs Filtration ? Pore size? ✅- mechanical removal of microbes or endospores from gas or liquid - sterilizes - used to sterilize heat sensitive liquids - 0.22-0.45 pore size -> removes bacterial cells - 0.025 - 0.22 pore size -> removes viruses Ionizing radiation? ✅- *X rays & Gamma rays; penetrate surfaces* - *sterilization w/o heat or chemicals* - irradiation of food & medical products (esp plastic medical equipment) - must be done when area is free of people -*damages/mutates DNA* Ultraviolet radiation (Non -ionizing) ✅-method: sterilization (depends on time & type of microbe) or disinfection - damages DNA - UV damaged DNA forms pyrimidine (thymine) dimers What is photoreactivation? ✅DNA repair system activated by visible light DNA repair enzymes? ✅DNA photolyase & thymine dimerase Ultrasonic vibration? ✅- high frequency sound waves (not hear) generate shock waves (20-40 khz) - ruptures cell membrane of microbes attached to instrument/surface - poor method of sterilization bc instruments need to be cleaned first Osmotic pressure? ✅- static mostly
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