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N450 Hemodynamic (1)

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N450 Hemodynamic (1)

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  • July 26, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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N450 Hemodynamic
Three components of hemodynamic monitoring - ANS-pressure, flow, and oxygenation

Three different functions the heart does - ANS-It's a pump, it's an organ, and it has its own
electrophysiological component

Electrophysiological pathway of the heart - ANS-SA node, internodal pathways, AV node,
Bundle of HIS, L&R bundle branches, purkinjie fibers

Depolarization - ANS-Contraction.
(The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior
to become more positive.)

Repolarization - ANS-Resting.
Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium
exits the cell.

AV valves - ANS-Tricuspid & Bicuspid (or mitral) (tri before you bi)

Semi-lunar valves - ANS-pulmonary and aortic

S1 - ANS-Closing of AV valves, beginning of systole. Louder and longer than S2 (Lub)

S2 - ANS-AV valves are open. End of systole, beginning of diastole (Dub)

SA Node heart rate - ANS-60-100 bpm

AV node heart rate - ANS-40-60 bpm

Purkinjie fibers heart rate - ANS-20-40 bpm

P wave represents - ANS-atrial depolarization (contraction).
Should be upright. 0.06-0.12 seconds.

Variation: Disturbance in conduction w/in atria.

QRS complex - ANS-<0.03 seconds
ventricular depolarization. Represents time taken for depolarization of both ventricles.

MI may result in development of Q wave wider than or equal to >0.03 seconds

, T wave represents - ANS-ventricular repolarization (relaxation). Should be upright & well
rounded. Less than half the height of the QRS complex.

Disturbances caused by electrolyte imbalance, ischemia, or infarction.

PR interval time - ANS-0.12-0.20 seconds. Measure from beginning of P wave to beginning of
QRS.

variation: Disturbance in conduction usually in AV node, bundle of His, or bundle branches. Can
be atria as well.

QRS interval time - ANS-0.06-0.12 seconds

pulse pressure - ANS-difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (normally about 1/3 of
SBP)

increased? exercise or atherosclerosis of larger arteries.
decreased? heart failure or hypovolemia

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - ANS-The average pressure within the arterial system felt by the
organs in the body

MAP calculation - ANS-(SBP + 2DBP)/3

A MAP of 60 mm/Hg is needed to adequately perfuse & sustain vital organs. Normal average is
70-105 mm/Hg

cardiac output - ANS-The volume in liters of blood pumped by each ventricle in ONE MINUTE.

normal cardiac output - ANS-4-8 L/min

Cardiac output is comprised of which components - ANS-Stroke volume and heart rate

Stroke Volume (SV) - ANS-The volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat
normal 60-150 ml/beat

Stroke Volume varies based on - ANS-Preload, Afterload, Contractility

Preload - ANS-The volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole.
[degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole]

Afterload - ANS-The forces opposing ventricular ejection including systemic arterial pressure,
the resistance by the aortic value, and the mass and density of the blood to be moved.

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