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N450 PrepU CH 39 Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function (1).
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N450 PrepU CH 39 Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function (1).
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N450 PrepU CH 39 Assessment of MusculoskeletalFunction
What is the term for a rhythmic contraction of a muscle? - ANS-Clonus
Clonus is a rhythmic contraction of the muscle. Atrophy is a shrinkage-like decrease in the size
of a muscle. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of a muscle. Crepitus is a grating or crackling
sound or sensation that may occur with movement of ends of a broken bone or irregular joint
surface.
Which statement describes paresthesia? - ANS-Abnormal sensations
Abnormal sensations, such as burning, tingling, and numbness, are referred to as paresthesias.
The absence of muscle tone suggesting nerve damage is referred to as paralysis. A
fasciculation is the involuntary twitch of muscle fibers. A muscle that holds no tone is referred to
as flaccid.
The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular
dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired?
(Select all that apply.) - ANS-Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color
Cool temperature of the extremity
More than 3-second capillary refill
Indicators of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction include pale, cyanotic, or mottled skin color;
cool temperature of the extremities; and a capillary refill of more than 3 seconds.
A client has just undergone arthrography. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to
include in the teaching plan? - ANS-Report joint crackling or clicking noises occurring after the
second day.
After undergoing arthrography, the client must be informed that he or she may hear crackling or
clicking noises in the joints for up to 2 days, but if noises occur beyond this time, they should be
reported. These noises may indicate the presence of a complication, and therefore should not
be ignored or treated by the client. Massage is not indicated. The client need not be asked to
avoid sunlight or dairy products.
The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder
arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding? - ANS-Tear in the
joint capsule
, Arthrography is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting
ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or waist. X-rays are used to diagnose bone
fractures. Bone densitometry is used to estimate bone mineral density. An electromyogram
(EMG) provides information about the electrical potential of the muscles and nerves leading to
them.
Which statement reflects the progress of bone healing? - ANS-Serial x-rays are used to monitor
the progress of bone healing.
Serial x-rays are used to monitor the progress of bone healing. The type of bone fractured, the
adequacy of blood supply, the surface contact of the fragments, and the general health of the
client influence the rate of fracture healing. Adequate immobilization is essential until x-ray
shows evidence of bone formation with ossification.
A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle
to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which structure? - ANS-Tendon
Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Ligaments
consisting of fibrous tissue connect two adjacent, freely movable bones. Cartilage is a firm
dense type of connective tissue that reduces friction between articular surfaces, absorbs shock,
and reduces the stress on joint surfaces. A joint is the junction between 2 or more bones.
A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal
process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells? -
ANS-Ossification and calcification
Ossification and calcifications the body's process to transform osteoblasts into mature bone
cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes are involved in maintaining bone tissue. Resorption and
remodeling are involved in bone destruction. Epiphyses and diaphyses are bone tissues that
provide strength and support to the human skeleton.
Which hormone inhibits bone resorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone? -
ANS-Calcitonin
Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland in response to elevated blood calcium levels, inhibits
bone reabsorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone.
A client undergoes an arthroscopy at the outpatient clinic. After the procedure, the nurse
provides discharge teaching. Which response by the client indicates the need for further
teaching? - ANS-"I should use my heating pad this evening to reduce some of the pain in my
knee."
The client requires additional teaching if he states that he'll use a heating pad to reduce pain the
evening of the procedure. The client shouldn't use heat at the procedure site during the first 24
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