BIO 205 EXAM 2 WILKINSON WWU QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
BIO 205
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BIO 205
Origin of replication Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins on a chromosome, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides. Bacteria only have one, eukaryotes have many.
Replication fork/bubble - A Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so ...
BIO 205 EXAM 2 WILKINSON WWU QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS Origin of replication ✅Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins on a chromosome, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides. Bacteria only have one, eukaryotes have many. Replication fork/bubble ✅- A Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated - Single fork in Prokaryotic cells - 100s of forks in Eukaryotic cells - Replication will proceed in both directions (form a bubble) Semiconservative replication ✅Method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand (each strand of an existing DNA molecule serves as a template remember this). Okazaki fragments ✅Short segment of DNA produced during replication of the lagging -
strand template. The fragments are eventually linked together to form the lagging strand in the newly synthesized DNA. Telomere and telomerase ✅(Telomere -end of a linear chromosome that contains a repeated sequence of DNA) An enzyme that adds DNA to telomeres to prevent their shortening by DNA synthesis; catalyzes DNA synthesis guided by an RNA template that is part of the enzyme. Proofreading activity ✅This is a mechanism for error correction during DNA synthesis in which a DNA polymerase recognizes and removes a wrong deoxyribonucleotide added during DNA replication and then continues synthesis. Mismatch repair ✅a type of DNA repair used to correct mismatched base pairs in DNA that result from mistakes in DNA synthesis. Nucleotide excision repair ✅A type of DNA repair that removes a damaged region in one DNA strand and replaces it with the correct sequence using the undamaged strand as the template. Codon, Anticodon ✅Codon - A sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for an amino acid or a start or stop signal for protein synthesis. Anticodon - The sequence of 3 bases in a transfer RNA molecule that can bind to an mRNA codon with a complementary sequence. RNA hairpin ✅A secondary structure in the consisting of a loop of single stranded RNA at the end of a double helix that is formed by complementary base pairing within the same strand. Polycistronic RNA ✅Single bacterial/prokaryotic RNA molecule that encodes more than one polypeptide chain; uncommon in eukaryotes. Spliceosome ✅In eukaryotes, a large, complex assembly of snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) and many proteins that catalyzes removal of introns from primary RNA transcripts. Lariat ✅A loop -like structure formed by intron RNA during splicing Polyribosome ✅A messenger RNA molecule that is being translated by 2 or more attached ribosomes. Promoter ✅A short nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds to a sigma factor (in bacteria) or basal transcription factors (in eukaryotes) to enable DNA polymerase to begin transcription. In bacteria, several contiguous genes are often transcribed from a single promoter . In eukaryotes, each gene generally has its own promoter. -10 and -35 box ✅promoter sequences in prokaryotes, sigma binds here to determine the direction of transcription, this is upstream. Wobble hypothesis ✅the hypothesis that some tRNA molecules can pair with more than one mRNA codon, tolerating particular types of nonstandard base pairing in the third base, as long as the first and second bases are correctly matched. Initiator tRNA ✅Special tRNA that initiates the translation of an mRNA in a ribosome. It always carries the amino acid methionine. Repressor ✅(1) In bacteria, a protein that binds to an operator sequence in DNA to prevent transcription when an inducer is not present and that comes off DNA to allow transcription when an inducer binds to the repressor protein. (2) In eukaryotes, a protein that bin ds to a silencer sequence in DNA to prevent or reduce gene transcription. Inducer ✅a small molecule that triggers transcription of a specific gene, often by binding to and inactivating a repressor protein. Negative and positive regulation of transcription ✅
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