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11-1Natural
Selection
Quizlet
●
What
processes
in uence
natural
selection?
●
What
evidence
did
Darwin
provide
that
became
the
foundation
for
the
study
of
evolution?
Basics
on
Evolution
Discussion
●
●
Why
Evolution
Matters
Now
:
happens
everyday
in
our
lives
○
ex)
sicknesses
caused
by
microbes
■
Microbes
(small
particles
that
are
able
to
cause
disease
in
human
beings)
●
ex)
bacteria,
viruses,
microbacteria,
fungi
●
Humans
play
a
huge
role
in
the
evolution
of
microbes
○
ex)
antibiotics
●
Tuberculosis
○
Caused
by
bacteria
○
Russia’s
crowded
prisons
provide
the
perfect
breeding
ground
for
the
transmission
of
tuberculosis
○
Spread
thru
the
air
■
ex)
coughing
○
Ppl
sick
with
tuberculosis:
cough,
fever,
losing
a
lot
of
weight
■
Lung:
dark
areas
with
air
■
Bad
lung:
white
areas
(phlegm,
blood,
and
pus)
○
Multidrug
resistant
TB:
the
type
of
tuberculosis
does
not
respond
to
regular
meds
○
Ppl
■
More
than
one
bacteria
to
kill
all
of
the
bacteria
■
Needs
several
doses
to
kill
the
bacteria
■
Some
remain
alive
■
If
the
patient
does
not
take
all
of
the
prescribed
meds:
resistant
bacteria
survive
and
replicate,
passing on
their
resistance
●
Strain
of
bacteria
evolves
to
become
fully
resistant
○
Example
of
natural
selection
■
Genetic
variation
within
bacteria
strains
allows
some
bacteria
even
when
hit
with
natural
selection
■
Reproduce ○
Evolution
is
key
in
how
we
treat
and
understand
diseases
○
Why
we
should
be
concerned
abt
Russia:
■
Globalization
■
Spread
easily
■
International
travel
Peppered
Moth
●
Peppered
moths:
common
insects
living
in
England,
Europe,
and
North
America
○
Small
months
(1.5-2.5in
across)
○
Their
light
wings
are
“peppered”
with
small
dark
spots
●
Typica:
light
peppered
moth
(typical
ones)
●
Caronaria:
dark,
almost
black,
bodies
(only
some)
●
Insularia:
middle
color;
more
dark
spots
than
the
light
peppered
moth
●
Predators:
ycatchers,
nuthatches,
European
robin
○
Avoid
predators
that
hunt
in
daylight
by:
■
Flying
at
night
and
resting
during
the
day
●
Animals
sitting
still
are
harder
to
see
than
moving
ones
■
Trees
they
live
in
have
light-colored
bark
and
are
covered
with
small
lichens
(organisms
that
are
part fungus
and
part
algae
or
bacteria)
●
Pattern
on
peppered
moth
wings
look
very
similar
to
lichens
CK12
Theory
of
Evolution
●
Darwin
proposed
the
theory
of
evolution
by
natural
selection.
Evolution
is
a
change
in
the
inherited
traits
of
organisms
over
time.
Natural
selection
is
the
process
by
which
living
things
with
bene cial
traits
produce
more
o spring,
so
their
traits
become
more
common
over
time.
●
During
Darwin’s
voyage
on
the
Beagle
,
he
made
many
observations
that
helped
him
form
his
theory
of
evolution.
Some
of
his
most
important
observations
were
made
on
the
Galápagos
Islands.
They
included
observations
of
giant
tortoises
and
nches.
●
Darwin
was
also
in uenced
by
his
knowledge
of
arti cial
selection
and
the
ideas
of
Lamarck,
Lyell,
and
Malthus.
●
Darwin
spent
many
years
working
on
a
book
about
his
theory
of
evolution
by
natural
selection.
He
nally
published
On
the
Origin
of
Species
in
1859
. 10-1
Evidence
of
Common
Ancestry
&
Diversity
Quizlet
●
Evolution
:
the
process
by
which
modern
organisms
descended
from
ancient
organisms
●
Comparative
Anatomy
:
the
study
of
similarities
and
di erences
amongst
structures
in
di erent
species
●
Embryology
:
the
study
of
embryos
and
their
development
●
Fossil
Record
:
analyzed
and
chronologically
ordered
preserved
remains
and
traces
of
organisms
●
Molecular
Homology
:
similarities
between
DNA,
RNA,
and
proteins
amongst
di erent
species
●
Evidence
:
a
body
of
facts
and
information
that
supports
an
idea
●
Analogous
Structures
:
structures
that
have
a
similar
function
but
are
found
in
dissimilar
species
○
ex)
wing
of
a
bat
and
arm
of
a
human
●
Vestigial
Structures
:
structures
inherited
from
ancestors
but
are
no
longer
functional
●
Common
Ancestor
:
a
related
ancestor
species
that
branched
into
two
or
more
subsequent
species
●
Theory
:
an
idea
that
explains
a
group
of
facts
about
the
natural
world,
repeatedly
con rmed
through
experiments
and
observations
Basics
on
Evolution
●
Scientists
:
Charles
Darwin,
Alfred
Russel
Wallace
●
Cause
of
Evolution
:
natural
selection
●
Natural
Selection
:
nature
selects
which
organisms
survive
long
enough
to
reproduce
○
Depends
on:
1.
Reproduction
:
traits
must
be
inherited
from
one
gen.
to
the
next
2.
Variation
:
if
organisms
were
to
make
exact
duplicates
of
themselves,
nothing
would
change
and
there
wouldn’t
be
di
animals
○
ex)
Some
brown
bears
were
stranded
in
the
Arctic.
The
ones
that
survived
likely
had
thicker
fur
coats
and
were
lighter
in
color,
helping
them
stay
warmer
and
blend
in
the
environment
to
catch
prey.
The
ones
that
survived
reproduced,
passing
on
that
trait.
Every
new
generation
brings
additional
variations
in
the
DNA
until
the
brown
bear
becomes
a
polar
bear.
Phylogenetic
Trees
●
All
animals
come
from
a
common
ancestor
(bc
they
share
so
many
characteristics)
●
Phylogenetic
Tree
:
the
depiction
of
how
di
species
are
related
to
each
other
●
Speciation
:
the
process
in
which
a
common
species
diverge
into
2
distinct
species
●
Branches
:
reproductive
lineages
and
how
they
split
over
time
●
Branch
Points
:
the
most
recent
ancestor
that
is
common
to
all
of
the
branches
beyond
it
○
Organism
that
share
more
characteristics
in
common
share
a
more
recent
common
ancestor
○
Connections
to
common
ancestors
can
tell
which
animals
are
most
closely
related
●
Base
:
hypothetical
common
ancestor
●
Top
:
living
descendants
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