CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS
R- Respiration
→ The process of breaking down nutrients to release energy
➢ Needed for the organism to stay alive and to make sure that all the chemical reactions in its
body (metabolism), keep it alive.
➢ Respiration ≠ Breathing
→ Breathing = mechanical process
I- Irritation
→ The ability to sense its environment, and this adapt and move according to its circumstances.
➢ Adaptation increases an organism's chance of survival
➢ Adaptation is crucial
➢ Without sensing there is no adaptation
N- Nutrition
→ Taking in nutrients, through absorbing and assimilating them, and using them for growth and tissue
repair.
➢ Main macronutrients: Fats, proteins, carbohydrates
➢ Main micronutrients: Minerals, vitamins
➢ Nutrition is needed for repair and new biosynthesis of new body tissues, as well as running
other crucial reactions within the body
G- Growth
→ Increase in size and mass OR increase in cell number
➢ Growing is a characteristic of all living organisms, who want to increase their size
E- Excretion
→ Removal of metabolic waste products from an organism, which would otherwise be unnecessary or
harmful to it.
➢ Excretion ≠ Egestion
➢ Egestion = Excretion of faeces
R- Reproduction
→ The process by which more of the same organisms come into existence.
➢ Crucial for keeping the species type alive
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION GROUPS
I. KINGDOM
MONERA:
● Prokaryotic (No defined structure for nucleus)
● Unicellular
● Often have a flagellum with which they swim
● Do not have a well-defined nucleus
● Lack cell organelles
, ● Some have a cell wall while others don't
● Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic
→ Examples:
-Bacteria
-Mycoplasma.
PROTISTS
● Unicellular
● Eukaryotic organisms (DNA information is stored in a nucleus)
● Autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition
● Some have cilia or flagella to move around
→ Examples:
-Diatoms
-Amoeba
FUNGI
● Heterotrophic
● Multicellular
● Eukaryotic organisms
● Saprophytes (feed on decaying matter)
→ Examples:
-Yeast
-Mushroom
ANIMALS:
● Multicellular
● Eukaryotic organisms (DNA information is stored in a nucleus)
● No cell wall
● Heterotrophs
→ Examples:
-Starfish
-Earthworms
-Monkeys
-Birds
PLANTS
● Eukaryotic organism (DNA information is stored in a nucleus)
● Multicellular organisms
● Cell wall is made out of cellulose
● Autotrophs (Synthesize their own food via photosynthesis)
→ Examples:
-Ferns
-Pines
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
CHARACTERISTICS:
➢ Autotrophs (Can produce energy by using inorganic molecules)
R- Respiration
→ The process of breaking down nutrients to release energy
➢ Needed for the organism to stay alive and to make sure that all the chemical reactions in its
body (metabolism), keep it alive.
➢ Respiration ≠ Breathing
→ Breathing = mechanical process
I- Irritation
→ The ability to sense its environment, and this adapt and move according to its circumstances.
➢ Adaptation increases an organism's chance of survival
➢ Adaptation is crucial
➢ Without sensing there is no adaptation
N- Nutrition
→ Taking in nutrients, through absorbing and assimilating them, and using them for growth and tissue
repair.
➢ Main macronutrients: Fats, proteins, carbohydrates
➢ Main micronutrients: Minerals, vitamins
➢ Nutrition is needed for repair and new biosynthesis of new body tissues, as well as running
other crucial reactions within the body
G- Growth
→ Increase in size and mass OR increase in cell number
➢ Growing is a characteristic of all living organisms, who want to increase their size
E- Excretion
→ Removal of metabolic waste products from an organism, which would otherwise be unnecessary or
harmful to it.
➢ Excretion ≠ Egestion
➢ Egestion = Excretion of faeces
R- Reproduction
→ The process by which more of the same organisms come into existence.
➢ Crucial for keeping the species type alive
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION GROUPS
I. KINGDOM
MONERA:
● Prokaryotic (No defined structure for nucleus)
● Unicellular
● Often have a flagellum with which they swim
● Do not have a well-defined nucleus
● Lack cell organelles
, ● Some have a cell wall while others don't
● Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic
→ Examples:
-Bacteria
-Mycoplasma.
PROTISTS
● Unicellular
● Eukaryotic organisms (DNA information is stored in a nucleus)
● Autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition
● Some have cilia or flagella to move around
→ Examples:
-Diatoms
-Amoeba
FUNGI
● Heterotrophic
● Multicellular
● Eukaryotic organisms
● Saprophytes (feed on decaying matter)
→ Examples:
-Yeast
-Mushroom
ANIMALS:
● Multicellular
● Eukaryotic organisms (DNA information is stored in a nucleus)
● No cell wall
● Heterotrophs
→ Examples:
-Starfish
-Earthworms
-Monkeys
-Birds
PLANTS
● Eukaryotic organism (DNA information is stored in a nucleus)
● Multicellular organisms
● Cell wall is made out of cellulose
● Autotrophs (Synthesize their own food via photosynthesis)
→ Examples:
-Ferns
-Pines
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
CHARACTERISTICS:
➢ Autotrophs (Can produce energy by using inorganic molecules)
