AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY 3.1.8 – THERMODYNAMICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 What are standard conditions? - ANSWER 298K/25°C 100kPa/1 atm 1 moldm -3 Enthalpy change of formation - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions, with all reactants and products in their standard states. Enthalpy change of combustion - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance is burned completely in oxygen. Enthalpy change of atomisation - ANSWER The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of gaseous atoms from the element in its standard state. First ionisation enthalpy - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous atoms loses 1 electron per atom to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions. Second ionisation enthalpy - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions loses 1 electron per atom to form 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ions. First electron affinity - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole gaseous atoms gains 1 electron per atom to form 1 mole of gaseous 1 - ions. Second electron affinity - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous 1 - ions gains 1 electron per atom to form 1 mole of gaseous 2 - ions. Mean bond enthalpy - ANSWER The enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous molecules each breaks a covalent bond to form 2 gaseous ions or free radicals.
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