This is a summary for the contents of the course "Biological Psychology" of the second year of the BSc Psychology at Tilburg University. It covers all relevant chapters of the book "Psychobiology" by Chris Chandler and additional information from lectures and other materials.
Summary Biological Psychology (Chandler book + lecture notes)
All for this textbook (10)
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Tilburg University (UVT)
Psychologie
Biological Psychology (400156B6)
All documents for this subject (10)
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Biological Psychology
, pp. 23-60 ch. 2
i
Genetics and Evolution 2
EVOLUTION THE EVOLUTION OF HUMANS
I :÷ ÷"l÷ ÷ ÷:÷÷ ÷÷÷÷÷÷:
÷÷ ÷
- -
-
-
Charles Darwin :
common ancestor
f--
Life in the water
↳
adaptations via natural selection ↳ evolved into amphibians
↳ survival of the fittest ↳ evolved into reptiles
→
further adaptation to life on land
-
Evidence for evolution
↳
biogeography -
Mammals evolved from reptiles n 180 million
years ago
→ best fit for their environment
organisms are the
↳ humans stem from order of primates
:÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
↳ Molecular biology → 50000
years ago migrated out of Africa
of genetic
"
→ strands '
'
we share common → out of Africa hypothesis
materialwithotherorganis.gs -
Human brain
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
i::÷uaa/ chromosomeandntitochondri
↳ size and volume greater than in other species
: am:÷:÷::÷::e
.
.
↳ first humans tracked down via Y -
why is this maladaptive behaviour still present
-
andwharwasitsoriginalreasonforbein#
4
5
QUALITATIVE TRAITS QUANTITATIVE TRAIT T
- # 1-
::÷÷÷÷÷
f. :÷ ÷ f÷ ÷ ÷: ÷ ÷ ÷
-
influenced by a single gene Influenced by
multiple genes
-
-
follow a simple pattern of inheritance Ce g Mendelian inheritance) Don 't follow simple patterns of inheritance
- -
.
-
typically unaffected by environment ↳ more variable and less predictable
Factors that may alter the pattern of inheritance Et pressed
-
along a continuum
-
'
→ Genetic heterogeneity ↳ e.g ADHD
.
÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
→
-
disease completely or
partially
↳ Mosaicism
→ not all cells are
genetically identical
phenocopies
→ environmental factors that give rise to disorders similar to
those of genetic disorders)
⑧
, 6 7
MENDELIAN GENETICS HUNTINGTON 'S DISEASE
÷÷÷÷ .÷ f÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
-
:::
Differences in conspecifics
-
Dominant allele has debilitating effects
-
↳ members of the same
species ↳
progressive disorder characterized by motor
: " ""
↳ only expressed when
previous generations -
HTT
gene codes for huntingtin protein
are carriers and new
generation doesn't ↳ mutation leads to production of abnormally long
dominant trait
carry protein
phenotype
-
strands are hold together by nucleotide base bonds
cytosine iauanines
Aaoduenbienenaihymine ;
-
/ endsthatconnedtoeachot#
,
l and five prime CS )
'
three
'
Mutations prime
-
-
↳ errors in replication
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
13 14
GENETIC VARIATION
÷: ÷ ÷ :÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ :y÷ ÷
- -
:÷ ÷ ÷f
-
Nucleotide bases -
basic elements of code
Polymorphism
.
-
↳ code for construction of amino acids
↳ differences in DNA
sequences among
↳ amino acids make up enzymes proteins and
,
individuals
polypeptides ↳ often weak or no effect
codon of nucleotide
triplet
-
=
↳
single base pair of nucleotides is
↳ code is based on a
sequence of codons
↳
sequences that code for
proteins -
:÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ :÷i÷
Mutation
-
introns ↳ change in a single gene
↳ non -
coding sequences ↳ rare ,
random ,
and independent of
↳ mRNA removes introns the
organism 's needs
↳ can cause the disorder itself
Translation
-
↳ Mendelian pattern of
usually
↳ starts with start codon
inheritance
↳ Amino acids are taken to ribosomes by
transfer ribonucleic acid Ct RNA)
↳ ribosome reads codons and tRNA adds
amino acids
↳
Stop codon finishes
↳ Amino acid sequence goes on to make
I I
proteins , etc .
r
gem:: :::
-
; mauer ones
.
creatingmulhipleproteinsfromone.ge
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