BIO 210 Final Exam Prep Questions and Correct Answers

BIO 210 Final Exam Prep Questions and Correct Answers Anatomy and Physiology ✅structure and function of the body A congenital heart defect can cause the heart to pump to pump ineffectively ✅this is how anatomy can effect physiology Epithelial cells adapted for absorption and secretion usually have _________________ at their free surface. ✅microvili Cytology ✅study of cell structure Study of cell physiology ✅study for cell processes . A cut that passes parallel through the long axis of the body and divides the body into equal left and right halves is known as a ✅midsagittal plane Serous membrane ✅thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa Mucus membrane ✅lining inside certain passages of the body such as nose, lungs, rectum, genital area A reduction in friction between parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of ✅serous membrane Synovial membrane ✅The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space. Cutaneous membrane ✅The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers An increase in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels to the set point, then the hormone release is stopped. This is an example of _________________________________. ✅calcitonin from thyroid gland When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of _____________________ ______________. ✅negative feedback (negates stimulus) Put the following events that occur during negative feedback in the correct sequence. 1. The control center compares actual body temperature to its set point. 2. Nerve impulses to skeletal muscles initiate tetanic contractions. 3. Thermoreceptors detect a decrease in body temperature. 4. The body temperature rises toward homeostasis. 5. Afferent fibers transmit information to a control center. ✅Ans: 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 Homeostasis ✅The ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite of the changes in the external or internal conditions. What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? ✅protection Dead skin cells are shed in thick sheets because they are held together by a thin layer of proteoglycan and cell adhesion molecules ( cams ). Such strong intercellular connections are _______________________. ✅desmosomes The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the _______ ______________. ✅gap junctions The red color and heat associated with inflamed tissue is the result of local _______________________. ✅vasodialation Which of the following best illustrates the advantage of a synanthrosis as opposed to a diathrosis? ✅synathrosis are immovable, diarthrosis are freely movable and less stable. As joint mobility increases, joint strength _________________. ✅decreases Joint types: functional ✅synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses Synarthrosis ✅immovable joint (sutures in skull) Amphiarthrosis ✅slightly movable joint (pubic symphysis) Diarthrosis ✅freely movable joints; also known as synovial joints Types of synovial joints ✅plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket What are the functions of integumentary system: ✅protection, regulation of temperature, formation of vitamin D, acts as a sensory organ, accessory organ for excretion. Functions of pigment melanin are: ✅protection from UV rays, responsible for skin color, melanin increases during exposure to sun causing tanning.