ADVA NCED PHARMACO LOGY NR 565 MIDTERM EXAM / NEWEST NUR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM 2024 -2025 REAL QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATES |ASSURED A+ (BRAND NEW!!) CHAMBERLAIN How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? Answer -slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? Answer -delayed gastric emptying Some medication s that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? Answer - glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose) what should be inclu ded in medication administration patient education? Answer - dosage size and timing route and technique of administration duration of treatment drug storage nature and time course of desired responses nature and time course of adverse responses finish taking antibi otic What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? Answer -reduced renal function polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) greater severity of illness presence of comorbidities use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long -term therapy poor patient adherence How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction? Answer - obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over -the-
counter medications considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels using the simplest regimen possible monitoring for drug -drug interactions and iatrogenic illness periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? Answer - simplifying drug regimens providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions using an approp riate dosage form clearly labeling and dispensing easy -to-open containers developing daily reminders monitoring frequently affordability of drugs support systems Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? Answer - Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? Answer - Gender and race Genetics and pharmacogenomics Variability in absorption placebo effect Tolerance patho age bodyweight Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? Answer - yes What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non -Discriminatory Act? Answer - Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic information
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