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Lecture notes Language and Cognition (LS210)
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ow language users write language orthographythographythewayin whichspeakers of a languagewritethatlanguage
turnsspoken languageinto a permanentvisualform writtenusingglyphs egletter or symbols chinese
habetsandabjadsusesymbols letters to represent phonemes
Abjadsdifferfromalphabetsinthattheyomitmostvowels arabicdoesthis
syllabariesusesymbols to representsyllables
morphinedes
logographiesuse symbols torepresent m ords
nographicdepththeextenttowhich readers of an orthographyneedword specificknowledgetolinkpronunciationstothe
tenforms
anyalphabeticlanguagesare shallow shallow transparentorthographiescanbeeasilyreadaloudonceyouknowthe
nguages spelling soundrules
Iphabeticlanguages canhave weirdnesses thatmakethemrelativelydeep English istheworstsilentwords lotsofexcep
gographicsystemsarenaturallydeep opaqueorthographies butusually in practicetheyhavesomephonologicalinformation
wordsthatsoundsimilarmayhavesymbols thatlooksimilar
habetsandgraphemes
nguages thatusealphabets to write words mostlyapplythe alphabeticprincipleeachletterrepresents a particularphone
wever some soundsmayberepresentedbylongersequences e.gssh typicallyrepresents111
etter sequence digraphs
ettersequence trigraph
when a letterdigraphortrigraph correspondstoa singlephoneme it is called a grapheme
, ading Thestandardmodelandsurfaceanddeepdyslexias
e standardmodel
processessupportreadingalouda word
semantic addressedlexicalThewholewordisrecalledbasedonit'swholespelling whichretrievesthemeaning concept
relies onvocabularyofmeanings
mustcontribute towordsthatare exceptions torules wednesday pint Senate
honological assembled sublexicalthewords spellingis splitintosmallerparts likelygraphemes whosepronunciation is compute
mbined
uses spelling soundrules or similar
must beusedin readingpseudowords nonwordsbecausethereis novocabularyentry
arshall Newcombe 1973
stimulus
phonological routelookatwordidentitygraphemesconverteach
Tecognition
visual meinto a Phoneme Peiceallphonemestogether articulate w
b gs ffadggg.gg
is y man am
I
addresses
semantic
semanticroutekeepwordas a wholeandusethattoacce
response
themeaningtogettopronunciation requiredforexception
wordreading
assifyingacquireddyslexia
vireddyslexia aneuropsychologicaldisorder ofreadingresultingfrombraininsultsuchas injuryor stroke
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