Question 1 In tabular format, outline and explain the distinguishing
characteristics between the qualitative and quantitative research approaches
to conducting research using specific research methods/
techniques/instruments applicable to each approach. (10)
Aspect Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Explore and understand phenomena Measure and analyze relationships
Objective
from a subjective perspective between variables objectively
Non-numerical, descriptive data Numerical data (statistics,
Nature of Data
(words, images, observations) measurements)
Research
Open-ended, exploratory questions Specific, hypothesis-driven questions
Question
Non-probability sampling (e.g., Probability sampling (e.g., random,
Sampling
purposive, convenience) stratified)
Interviews, focus groups,
Data Collection Surveys, experiments, questionnaires,
observations, case studies, content
Methods secondary data analysis
analysis
Interview guides, observation
Data Collection Structured questionnaires, scales, tests,
checklists, audio/video recordings,
Instruments databases
field notes
Statistical analysis (descriptive
Thematic analysis, content analysis,
Data Analysis statistics, inferential statistics,
narrative analysis, grounded theory
regression analysis)
In-depth understanding of complex Generalizable findings, statistical
Outcome
phenomena, themes, patterns significance, hypothesis testing
Flexible, iterative, often emergent
Research Design Structured, pre-determined design
design
Trustworthiness, credibility,
Validity Reliability, validity, objectivity
transferability, dependability
Explanation
Qualitative Research
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