Chapter 45 Nutrition Questions And Answers

Basal metabolic rate - ANS the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest resting energy expenditure - ANS Resting metabolic rate over a 24-hour period kcal - ANS kilocalorie nutrient density - ANS the proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories saccharides - ANS carbohydrate units simple carbohydrates - ANS are found primarily in sugars fiber - ANS polysaccharide that does not contribute to calories of the diet proteins - ANS a source of energy (4kcal/g) amino acid - ANS simplest form of a protein Indispensable amino acids - ANS Histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine Dispensible amino acids - ANS Alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid nitrogen balance - ANS the intake and output of nitrogen are equal lipids - ANS most calories-dense nutrient; provides 9 kcal/g triglycerides - ANS Made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol saturated fatty acids - ANS Each carbon in the chain has two attached hydrogen atoms. unsaturated fatty acids - ANS Unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached and the carbon atoms attach to each other with a double bond monounsaturated fatty acids - ANS fatty acids with one double bond polyunsaturated fatty aicds - ANS fatty acids that have two or more double carbon bonds water - ANS makes up 60%-70% of total body weight fat-soluble vitamins - ANS Vitamins A, D, E, K hypervitaminosis - ANS results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, fortified food, and large intake of fish oils water-soluble vitamins - ANS vitamin c and B complex trace elements - ANS Inorganic elements that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions enzymes - ANS protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions peristalsis - ANS wave-like muscular contractions chyme - ANS acidic liquefied mass active transport - ANS particles move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration passive diffusion - ANS Force by which particles move outward from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration osmosis - ANS movement of water through a membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations, do not need a special carrier pinocytosis - ANS engulfing large molecules of nutrients by the absorbing cell metabolism - ANS all biochemical reactions within cells of the body