BIO 169 Endocrine System Test Questions and Correct Answers

Endocrine glandsductless glands - release hormones-vascular & lymphatic supply Exocrine glandshave ducts - nonhormonal products (ex) Endocrinologystudy of hormones Hormoneschemical messenger that is released in the blood to be transported Autocrineterm for hormones that act on same cells that secrete them ParacrineReferring to a secreted molecule that acts on a neighboring cell. Adipose Tissue- Hormonesa) Leptin, resistin AA based hormones(free) Involve G proteins and 2nd messengers Steroidal(bound) gonadal and adrenocortical hormones- Direct gene activation Eicosanoids hormonesglucotrines and prostaglandins What happens when hormones bind?activate or deactivate and enzyme Increase in protein synthesis Increase in secretory activity Alter membrane permeability Direct gene activationThe method of action of steroid hormones. They bind to receptors in the cell, and then the hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and activates certain genes Second messenger systemReceptors may be this kind, meaning they activate another molecule inside the cell to make changes. Second messenger steps- camp1. Hormone (1st messenger) binds to receptor, which then binds to a G protein 2. G protein is then activated as it binds GTP, displacing GDP 3. Activated G protein activates effector enzyme adenylate cyclase 4. Adenylate cyclase generates camp (2nd messenger) from ATP 5. Camp activates protein kinases, which then cause cellular effects